October 25 in History

A mass shooting occurs in two locations in Lewiston, Maine. 18 people are killed and 13 more injured.

Mount Merapi in Indonesia begins a month-long series of violent eruptions that kill 353 people and cause the evacuation of another 350,000 people.

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake strikes off Indonesia's Mentawai Islands, triggering a tsunami that kills at least 400 people.

The October 2009 Baghdad bombings kill 155 and wound at least 721.

Microsoft releases Windows XP, which becomes one of Microsoft's most successful operating systems.

A Learjet 35 crashes in Mina near Aberdeen, South Dakota, killing all six people on board, including PGA golfer Payne Stewart and golf course designer Bruce Borland.

After a civil war, Denis Sassou Nguesso proclaims himself President of the Republic of the Congo.

A commuter train slams into a school bus in Fox River Grove, Illinois, killing seven students.

The Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic declares its sovereignty from the Soviet Union.

The first leg of the 1989 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira is held at the Estádio da Luz in Lisbon, Portugal.

The United States and its Caribbean allies invade Grenada, six days after Prime Minister Maurice Bishop and several of his supporters are executed in a coup d'état.

Proceedings on the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction conclude.

Egypt and Israel accept United Nations Security Council Resolution 339.

The People's Republic of China replaces the Republic of China at the United Nations.

A Fairchild F-27 crashes into Moose Mountain while on approach to Lebanon Municipal Airport in Lebanon, New Hampshire, killing 32 people.

Soyuz 2 is launched.

Cuban Missile Crisis: Adlai Stevenson shows the United Nations Security Council reconnaissance photographs of Soviet ballistic missiles in Cuba.

The Battle of Guningtou in the Taiwan Strait begins.

Fifty years of Japanese administration of Taiwan formally ends when the Republic of China assumes control.

World War II: Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.

World War II: The USS Tang under Richard O'Kane (the top American submarine ace of the war) is sunk by the ship's own malfunctioning torpedo.

World War II: The final attempt of the Imperial Japanese Navy to win the war climaxes at the Battle of Leyte Gulf.

Benjamin O. Davis Sr. is named the first African American general in the United States Army.

George Lansbury became the leader of the opposition British Labour Party.

The Italian luxury liner SS Principessa Mafalda sinks off the coast of Brazil, killing 314.

The Zinoviev letter, which Zinoviev himself denied writing, is published in the Daily Mail; the Labour party would later blame this letter for the Conservatives' landslide election win four days later.

After 74 days on hunger strike in Brixton Prison, England, the Sinn Féin Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney dies.

Old Style date of the October Revolution in Russia.

The Xinhai Revolution spreads to Guangzhou, where the Qing general Fengshan is assassinated by the Chinese Assassination Corps.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky's Piano Concerto No. 1 in B♭ minor, Op. 23 premieres in Boston, Massachusetts, with Benjamin Johnson Lang as conductor and Hans von Bülow as soloist.

The Uspenski Cathedral, designed by Aleksey Gornostayev, is inaugurated in Helsinki, Finland.

The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.

The Battle of Balaclava takes place during the Crimean War. It is soon memorialized in verse as The Charge of the Light Brigade.

Greek War of Independence: The First Siege of Missolonghi begins.

War of 1812: The American frigate, USS United States, commanded by Stephen Decatur, captures the British frigate HMS Macedonian.

Golden Jubilee of George III is celebrated in Britain as he begins the fiftieth year of his reign.

King George III succeeds to the British throne on the death of his grandfather George II.

War of the Austrian Succession: A British fleet under Admiral Edward Hawke defeats the French at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre.

Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.

Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England, with his lightly armoured infantry and archers, defeats the heavily armoured French cavalry in the Battle of Agincourt.

Seljuk Turks defeat German crusaders under Conrad III at the Battle of Dorylaeum.

Reconquista: After a siege of four months, crusader knights conquer Lisbon.

Emperor Leo I acclaims his grandson Leo II as Caesar of the East Roman Empire.

Princess Elisabeth, Duchess of Brabant

Dominik Szoboszlai, Hungarian footballer

Vincent Zhou, American figure skater

Romeo Langford, American basketball player

Juan Soto, Dominican baseball player

Lee Know, South Korean singer

Federico Chiesa, Italian footballer

PJ Dozier, American basketball player

Conchita Campbell, Canadian actress

Jock Landale, Australian basketball player

Patrick McCaw, American basketball player

Richard Jouve, French cross-country skier

Jefferson Lerma, Colombian footballer

Matteo Lodo, Italian rower

Gor Minasyan, Armenian weightlifter

Ray Robson, American chess Grandmaster

Isaiah Austin, American basketball player

Iván Garcia, Mexican diver

William Howard, French basketball player

Rachel Matthews, American actress

Clarisse Agbegnenou, French judoka

Davide Formolo, Italian cyclist

Sergey Ridzik, Russian freestyle skier

Davide Faraoni, Italian footballer

Isabella Shinikova, Bulgarian tennis player

Mattia Cattaneo, Italian cyclist

Sara Chafak, Finnish beauty pageant winner

Asha Philip, British athlete

Milena Rašić, Serbian volleyball player

Dzina Sazanavets, Belarusian weightlifter

Filip Grgić, Croatian taekwondo practitioner

Sten Grytebust, Norwegian footballer

David Hala, Australian rugby league player

Ivan Marconi, Italian footballer

Mia Wasikowska, Australian actress

Robson Conceição, Brazilian boxer

Lewis McGugan, English professional footballer

Chandler Parsons, American basketball player

Kaz Patafta, Australian footballer

Karim Yoda, French footballer

Bill Amis, American basketball player

Darron Gibson, Irish footballer

Fabian Hambüchen, German gymnast

Tweety Carter, American basketball player

Roger Espinoza, Honduran footballer

Eddie Gaven, American soccer player

Kristian Sarkies, Australian footballer

Ekaterina Shumilova, Russian biathlete

Ciara, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress

Óscar Granados, Costa Rican footballer

Kara Lynn Joyce, American swimmer

Daniele Padelli, Italian footballer

Nicolas Besch, French ice hockey player

Ticia Gara, Hungarian chess player

Sara Lumholdt, Swedish singer and dancer

Katy Perry, American singer-songwriter and actress

Iván Ramis, Spanish footballer

Karolina Šprem, Croatian tennis player

Hotaru Akane, Japanese actress and activist (died 2016)

Stanislav Bohush, Ukrainian footballer

Daniele Mannini, Italian footballer

Princess Yōko of Mikasa

Han Yeo-reum, South Korean actress

Victoria Francés, Spanish illustrator

Devin Green, American basketball player

Guido Grünheid, German basketball player

Camilla Jensen, Danish curler

Michael Sweetney, American basketball player

Mickaël Tavares, Senegalese footballer

Hiroshi Aoyama, Japanese motorcycle racer

Josh Henderson, American actor and singer

Shaun Wright-Phillips, English footballer

Mehcad Brooks, American model and actor

Félicien Singbo, Beninois footballer

Bat for Lashes, English singer

Rob Hulse, English footballer

Mariana Klaveno, American actress

João Lucas, Portuguese footballer (died 2015)

Rosa Mendes, Canadian-American wrestler and model

Russell Anderson, Scottish footballer

Zachary Knighton, American actor

Bobby Madden, Scottish football referee

Robert Mambo Mumba, Kenyan footballer

Markus Pöyhönen, Finnish sprinter

An Yong-hak, North Korean footballer

The Alchemist, American rapper, DJ, and producer

Rodolfo Bodipo, Equatoguinean retired footballer

Mitică Pricop, Romanian sprint canoer

Birgit Prinz, German footballer and psychologist

Rakan Rushaidat, Croatian actor

Kateryna Serebrianska, Ukrainian gymnast

Mihai Tararache, Romanian footballer

Yeho, Israeli singer and actor

Deon Burton, Jamaican footballer

Ahmed Dokhi, Saudi Arabian footballer

Akihisa Ikeda, Japanese manga artist

Steve Jones, Northern Irish footballer

Brett Kirk, Australian footballer and coach

Anton Sikharulidze, Russian pair skater

Eirik Glambek Bøe, Norwegian singer-songwriter and guitarist

Ryan Clement, American football player

Agustín Julio, Colombian footballer

Zadie Smith, English author and academic

Antony Starr, New Zealand actor

Lee Byung-kyu, South Korean baseball player

Yoo Yong-sung, South Korean badminton player

Fırat Aydınus, Turkish football referee

Lamont Bentley, American actor and rapper (died 2005)

Michael Weston, American actor

Cristian Dulca, Romanian footballer

Rodolfo Falcón, Cuban swimmer

Maxi Mounds, American nude big-bust model and pornographic actress

Jonathan Torrens, Canadian actor, producer, and screenwriter

Persia White, American actress, singer, and musician

Simon Charlton, English footballer and manager

Athena Chu, Hong Kong actress and singer

Neil Fallon, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Leslie Grossman, American actress

Rosie Ledet, American singer-songwriter and accordion player

Pedro Martínez, Dominican-American baseball player and sportscaster

Midori, Japanese-American violinist and educator

Craig Robinson, American actor and singer

Elif Şafak, French-Turkish journalist, author, and academic

J. A. Adande, American journalist and academic

Peter Aerts, Dutch kick-boxer and mixed martial artist

Adam Goldberg, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Damir Mršić, Bosnian basketball player

Adam Pascal, American actor and singer

Rafa, Spanish footballer

Ed Robertson, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Daniel Scheinhardt, German footballer

Chely Wright, American singer-songwriter and actress

Samantha Bee, Canadian-American comedian and television host

Josef Beránek, Czech ice hockey player and coach

Slavko Cicak, Swedish chess Grandmaster

Nika Futterman, American voice actress, comedian and singer

Ibragim Gasanbekov, Azerbaijani footballer

Oleg Salenko, Russian footballer

Alex Webster, American bass player

Doris Fitschen, German footballer

Christopher McQuarrie, American filmmaker

Speech, American rapper

Martin Marinov, Australian canoeist

Taiyō Matsumoto, Japanese manga artist

Gary Sundgren, Swedish footballer

Zana Briski, British photographer and filmmaker

Lionel Charbonnier, French footballer

Wendel Clark, Canadian ice hockey player

Perry Saturn, American wrestler

2 Cold Scorpio, American wrestler

Mathieu Amalric, French actor and director

Valdir Benedito, Brazilian footballer

Claire Colebrook, Australian philosopher, theorist, and academic

Dominique Herr, Swiss footballer

Derrick Rostagno, American tennis player

Rainer Strecker, German actor

Karl Malin, Austrian politician

Michael Boatman, American actor

Johan de Kock, Dutch footballer

Nicole, German singer

Kevin Michael Richardson, American voice actor and singer

John Levén, Swedish bassist

Michael Lynagh, Australian rugby union footballer

Melinda McGraw, American actress

Tracy Nelson, American actress

José Ortiz, Puerto Rican basketball player (died 2026)

David Furnish, Canadian filmmaker

Steve Gainer, American cinematographer and director

Steve Hodge, English footballer and manager

John Stollmeyer, American soccer player

John Sivebæk, Danish footballer

Chad Smith, American drummer

Hong Sang-soo, South Korean director and screenwriter

Óscar Aguirregaray, Uruguayan footballer

Chrissy Amphlett, Australian singer-songwriter and actress (died 2013)

Kornelia Ender, East German swimmer

Kjell Inge Røkke, Norwegian businessman and philanthropist

Nancy Cartwright, American voice actress

Enrique López Zarza, Mexican footballer

Robbie McIntosh, English guitarist

Piet Wildschut, Dutch footballer

Stephen Leather, British author

Glynis Barber, South African-English actress

Robin Eubanks, American trombonist and educator

Gale Anne Hurd, American producer

Matthias Jabs, German guitarist and songwriter

Leena Lander, Finnish author

Lito Lapid, Filipino actor

Mike Eruzione, American ice hockey player and coach

Ed Powers, American founder of Ed Powers Productions

Daniele Bagnoli, Italian volleyball coach

Jasem Yaqoub, Kuwaiti footballer

Samir Geagea, Lebanese commander and politician

Wendy Hall, English computer scientist, mathematician, and academic

Ioannis Kyrastas, Greek footballer and manager (died 2004)

Tove Nilsen, Norwegian author

Richard Lloyd, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Anne Alvaro, French actress

Fernando Arêas Rifan, Brazilian bishop

Roger Davies, English footballer

John Matuszak, American footballer (died 1989)

Francisco Oscar Lamolina, Argentine football referee

Chris Norman, English singer-songwriter

Réjean Houle, Canadian ice hockey player and manager

Walter Hyatt, American singer-songwriter (died 1996)

Brian Kerwin, American actor

Wilfried Louis, Haitian footballer

Dave Cowens, American basketball player and coach

Dan Gable, American wrestler and coach

Dan Issel, American basketball player and coach

Sigleif Johansen, Norwegian biathlete

Requena Nozal, Spanish artist

Glenn Tipton, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

Elías Figueroa, Chilean footballer

Peter Lieberson, American composer (died 2011)

Peter Ledger, Australian-American painter and illustrator (died 1994)

Yuriy Meshkov, Ukrainian politician and Russian separatist (died 2019)

Krzysztof Piesiewicz, Polish lawyer, screenwriter and politician (died 2026)

Francisco Sá, Argentine footballer

Phil Volk, American musician, singer-songwriter, and record producer

David S. Ward, American director and screenwriter

Keaton Yamada, Japanese voice actor

Azizan Abdul Razak, Malaysian politician, 10th Menteri Besar of Kedah (died 2013)

Jon Anderson, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

James Carville, American lawyer and political consultant

Donald Ford, Scottish footballer

Fred Housego, Scottish-English taxi driver and game show host

Kati Kovács, Hungarian singer-songwriter and actress

Ren Zhengfei, Chinese businessman

Orso Maria Guerrini, Italian actor

Roy Lynes, English keyboardist and singer

Terumasa Hino, Japanese jazz trumpeter

Gloria Katz, American screenwriter and producer (died 2018)

Franklin Loufrani, French President of the Smiley Company

Lynda Benglis, American sculptor and painter

Helen Reddy, Australian-American singer-songwriter and actress (died 2020)

Gordon Tootoosis, Aboriginal Canadian actor (died 2011)

Anne Tyler, American author and critic

Dave Weill, American discus thrower

Jimmy Herman, Canadian actor (died 2013)

Bob Knight, American basketball player and coach (died 2023)

Zelmo Beaty, American basketball player and coach (died 2013)

Sara Dylan, American actress and model

Nikolay Kiselyov, Soviet Nordic combined athlete (died 2005)

Nikos Nikolaidis, Greek director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2007)

Dave Simmonds, British motorcycle racer (died 1972)

Robin Spry, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2005)

Bob Webster, American diver

Vendramino Bariviera, Italian cyclist (died 2001)

Ignacio Carrasco de Paula, Spanish prelate

Roberto Menescal, Brazilian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Martin Gilbert, English historian, author, and academic (died 2015)

Arnfinn Nesset, Norwegian nurse and convicted serial killer

Masako Nozawa, Japanese actress and singer

Rusty Schweickart, American soldier, pilot, and astronaut

Carlos Sherman, Belarusian–Spanish translator, writer, activist (died 2005)

René Brodmann, Swiss footballer (died 2000)

Martti Mansikka, Finnish gymnast (died 2024)

Vitold Fokin, Ukrainian first deputy prime minister (died 2025)

Jerzy Pawłowski, Polish fencer and double agent (died 2005)

Theodor Pištěk, Czech costume designer

Annie Girardot, French actress and singer (died 2011)

Jimmy McIlroy, Northern Irish footballer and manager (died 2018)

Harold Brodkey, American author and academic (died 1996)

Karoly Honfi, Hungarian chess player (died 1996)

Michel Knuysen, Belgian rower (died 2013)

Zdravko Milev, Bulgarian chess player (died 1984)

Claude Rouer, French cyclist (died 2021)

Peter Rühmkorf, German writer (died 2008)

Jeanne Cooper, American actress (died 2013)

Paulo Mendes da Rocha, Brazilian architect (died 2021)

Anthony Franciosa, American actor (died 2006)

Adolphe Gesché, Belgian Catholic priest and theologian (died 2003)

Peter Naur, Danish computer scientist, astronomer, and academic (died 2016)

Marion Ross, American actress

Yakov Rylsky, Soviet sabre fencer (died 1999)

Barbara Cook, American singer and actress (died 2017)

Jorge Batlle Ibáñez, Uruguayan lawyer and politician, 32nd President of Uruguay (died 2016)

Lawrence Kohlberg, American psychologist and author (died 1987)

Lauretta Masiero, Italian actress and singer (died 2010)

Bo Carpelan, Finnish poet and author (died 2011)

Jimmy Heath, American saxophonist and composer (died 2020)

Galina Vishnevskaya, Russian-American soprano and actress (died 2012)

Oralia Dominguez, Mexican operatic mezzo-soprano singer (died 2013)

Joseph Michel, Belgian politician (died 2016)

Billy Barty, American actor (died 2000)

Earl Palmer, American Hall of Fame drummer (died 2008)

Achille Silvestrini, Italian prelate (died 2019)

Beate Sirota Gordon, Austrian-American director and producer (died 2012)

Bobby Thomson, Scottish-American baseball player (died 2010)

Gloria Lasso, Spanish singer (died 2005)

Michael I of Romania (died 2017)

Megan Taylor, British figure skater (died 1993)

Beate Uhse-Rotermund, German pilot and entrepreneur (died 2001)

Raoul Remy, French cyclist (died 2002)

David Ausubel, American psychologist (died 2008)

Carl Forssell, Swedish fencer (died 2005)

Dmitry Polyansky, First Deputy Premier of the Soviet Union (died 2001)

Helge Larsson, Swedish canoeist (died 1971)

Ivan M. Niven, Canadian-American mathematician and academic (died 1999)

John Berryman, American poet and scholar (died 1972)

Klaus Barbie, German SS captain (died 1991)

Larry Itliong, Filipino-American union organizer (died 1977)

Anton Kochinyan, Soviet-Armenian politician (died 1990)

Abdelkader Ben Bouali, French footballer (died 1997)

Alfred Klingler, German field handballer

Minnie Pearl, American entertainer and philanthropist (died 1996)

Luigi Raimondi, Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (died 1975)

William Higinbotham, American physicist and video game designer (died 1994)

Johnny Mauro, American race car driver (died 2003)

Tyrus Wong, Chinese-American artist (died 2016)

Whit Bissell, American actor (died 1996)

Ken Domon, Japanese photographer (died 1990)

Edward Flynn, American boxer (died 1976)

Jean-Paul Le Chanois, French actor, director and screenwriter (died 1985)

Carmen Dillon, English film and production designer (died 2000)

Gotthard Handrick, German fighter pilot and Olympic athlete (died 1978)

Polly Ann Young, American actress (died 1997)

Karl Humenberger, Austrian footballer (died 1989)

Bob McPhail, Scottish footballer (died 2000)

Cemal Reşit Rey, Turkish pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1985)

Denny Shute, American golfer (died 1974)

Bill Tytla, Ukrainian-American animator (died 1968)

Piet van der Horst, Dutch cyclist (died 1983)

Henry Steele Commager, American historian and author (died 1998)

Carlo Gnocchi, Italian priest, educator and writer (died 1956)

Eddie Lang, American jazz guitarist (died 1933)

Roy Fox, British dance bandleader (died 1982)

Johan Greter, Dutch equestrian (died 1975)

Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, Nigerian educator and activist (died 1978)

William Stevenson, American track and fielder (died 1985)

Armand Thirard, French cinematographer (died 1973)

Karl Anton, German director, screenwriter and producer (died 1979)

Erwin von Lahousen, German Abwehr official (died 1955)

Karl Olivecrona, Swedish lawyer and philosopher (died 1980)

Luigi Pavese, Italian actor (died 1969)

Nils Backlund, Swedish water polo player (died 1964)

Levi Eshkol, Ukrainian-Israeli soldier and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Israel (died 1969)

Vsevolod Merkulov, Russian head of the NKGB (died 1953)

Arthur Schmidt, German officer (died 1987)

Claude Cahun, French photographer and sculptor (died 1954)

Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu, Turkish poet and songwriter (died 1973)

Johan Wilhelm Rangell, Prime Minister of Finland (died 1982)

Nell Shipman, Canadian-American actress, screenwriter, and producer (died 1970)

Charles Coughlin, Canadian-American priest and radio host (died 1979)

Karl Elmendorff, German conductor (died 1962)

Floyd Bennett, American aviator (died 1928)

Kōtarō Tanaka, Japanese jurist and politician (died 1974)

Abel Gance, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1981)

Richard E. Byrd, American admiral and pilot (died 1957)

Nils Dardel, Swedish-American painter (died 1943)

Jan Palouš, Czechoslovak ice hockey player (died 1971)

Léon Tom, Belgian fencer and bobsledder

Alexander McCulloch, British rower (died 1951)

Leo G. Carroll, English-American actor (died 1972)

Karl Polanyi, Austro-Hungarian economist and historian (died 1964)

Sam M. Lewis, American singer and lyricist (died 1959)

Xavier Lesage, French equestrian (died 1968)

Maria Czaplicka, Polish cultural anthropologist (died 1921)

Nikolay Krestinsky, Russian revolutionary and politician (died 1938)

John T. Flynn, American journalist and author (died 1964)

Tony Jackson, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1921)

André-Damien-Ferdinand Jullien, French Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (died 1964)

Theodora Agnes Peck, American author and poet (died 1964)

Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter and sculptor (died 1973)

Bohumír Šmeral, Czech politician (died 1941)

Fritz Haarmann, German serial killer (died 1925)

Adolf Moller, German rower (died 1968)

Henry Norris Russell, American astronomer (died 1957)

Carolyn Sherwin Bailey, American author and educator (died 1961)

Arthur Birkett, British cricketer (died 1941)

Emma Gramatica, Italian actress (died 1965)

Victor Sonnemans, Belgian water polo player (died 1962)

Huang Xing, Chinese revolutionary leader and statesman (died 1916)

Elsa Reger, German writer (died 1951)

Dan Burke, American baseball player (died 1933)

Oskar Kallas, Estonian linguist and diplomat (died 1946)

Józef Dowbor-Muśnicki, Polish general (died 1937)

Thomas Armat, American mechanic and inventor (died 1948)

Norbert Klein, Bishop of Brno (died 1933)

Georg Schumann, German composer (died 1952)

John Francis Dodge, American businessman, co-founded the Dodge Company (died 1920)

Alexander Gretchaninov, Russian-American pianist and composer (died 1956)

Toktogul Satylganov, Kyrgyz Akyn, poet and singer (died 1933)

Take Ionescu, Romanian politician, diplomat, journalist and lawyer (died 1922)

Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger, Croatian geologist, paleontologist, and archaeologist (died 1936)

Karl August Otto Hoffmann, German botanist (died 1909)

Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak, Russian author (died 1912)

Carlo Emery, Italian entomologist (died 1925)

Karl Emil Franzos, Austrian novelist (died 1904)

Philip Wicksteed, English economist (died 1927)

Georges Bizet, French pianist and composer (died 1875)

James Maybrick, English cotton merchant, victim of the "Aigburth Poisoning" (died 1889)

Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia (died 1909)

Marcellin Berthelot, French chemist and politician (died 1907)

Johann Strauss II, Austrian composer and educator (died 1899)

Johann Friedrich Julius Schmidt, German astronomer and geophysicist (died 1884)

Antonio Ciseri, Swiss-Italian painter (died 1891)

Christian August Friedrich Garcke, German botanist (died 1904)

Camillo Sivori, Italian virtuoso violinist and composer (died 1894)

Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours (died 1896)

Évariste Galois, French mathematician and theorist (died 1832)

Max Stirner, German philosopher and author (died 1856)

Maria Doolaeghe, Flemish novelist (died 1884)

Richard Parkes Bonington, English painter (died 1828)

Joseph Montferrand, Canadian logger and strongman (died 1864)

Maria Jane Jewsbury, English writer, poet, literary reviewer (died 1833)

Thomas Babington Macaulay, English poet, historian, and politician, Secretary at War (died 1859)

Jacques Paul Migne, French priest (died 1875)

Julius von Mohl, German orientalist (died 1876)

John P. Kennedy, American novelist and Whig politician (died 1870)

Jeanne Jugan, French nun (died 1879)

Robert Stirling, Scottish clergyman and inventor (died 1878)

Carlos María de Alvear, Argentine soldier and statesman (died 1852)

Heinrich Schwabe, German astronomer (died 1875)

Levi Lincoln Jr., American lawyer and politician, 13th Governor of Massachusetts (died 1868)

Friedrich von Berchtold, Bohemian physician and botanist (died 1876)

Pedro Velarde y Santillán, Spanish artillery captain (died 1808)

Victoire de Donnissan de La Rochejaquelein, French memoirist (died 1857)

Géraud Duroc, French general and diplomat (died 1813)

Frederick William, ruler of Nassau-Weilburg (died 1816)

Benjamin Constant, Swiss-French philosopher and politician (died 1830)

Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren, German historian (died 1842)

Maria Feodorovna, Russian wife of Paul I of Russia (died 1828)

William Grenville, English academic and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (died 1834)

Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, Prussian statesman (died 1831)

François Joseph Lefebvre, French military commander (died 1820)

Richard Howell, 3rd Governor of New Jersey (died 1802)

Erik Magnus Staël von Holstein, Swedish chamberlain (died 1802)

Friedrich Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (died 1812)

Thomas Mullins, 1st Baron Ventry, Anglo-Irish politician and peer (died 1824)

James Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish judge (died 1799)

Georg Gebel, German organist and composer (died 1753)

Elisabeth Farnese, Queen of Spain (died 1766)

Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Grafton, English-Irish politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (died 1757)

Louis Frederick I, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (died 1718)

James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose, Scottish soldier (died 1650)

Jan Stanisław Sapieha, Polish-Lithuanian noble (died 1635)

François de Sourdis, French Catholic prelate (died 1628)

Renée of France (died 1574)

Giuliano de' Medici (died 1478)

Louis II, Count of Flanders, (died 1384)

William Clito, French son of Sybilla of Conversano (died 1128)

Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar, founder of the Saffarid dynasty (died 879)

Satish Shah, Indian actor and comedian (born 1951)

Rolf Dupuy, anarchist and historian of the anarchist movement in France and Spain (born 1946)

Phil Lesh, American bassist (born 1940)

Kim Soo-mi, South Korean actress (born 1949)

Dilip Parikh, Indian politician (born 1937)

Thomas Keating, American Trappist monk and a principal developer of Centering Prayer (born 1923)

Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian football player and manager (born 1944)

Bob Hoover, USAF, Test, and Airshow pilot (born 1922)

David Cesarani, English historian and author (born 1956)

Lisa Jardine, English historian, author, and academic (born 1944)

Cecil Lolo, South African footballer (born 1988)

Flip Saunders, American basketball player and coach (born 1955)

Jack Bruce, Scottish singer-songwriter and bass player (born 1943)

Carlos Morales Troncoso, Dominican lawyer and politician, 34th Vice President of the Dominican Republic (born 1940)

Ron Ackland, New Zealand rugby player and coach (born 1934)

Arthur Danto, American philosopher and critic (born 1924)

Nicholas Hunt, Welsh-English admiral (born 1930)

Hal Needham, American actor, stuntman, director, and screenwriter (born 1931)

Paul Reichmann, Austrian-Canadian businessman, founded Olympia and York (born 1930)

Bill Sharman, American basketball player and coach (born 1926)

Marcia Wallace, American actress and comedian (born 1942)

Jacques Barzun, French-American historian and author (born 1907)

Jaspal Bhatti, Indian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1955)

John Connelly, English footballer (born 1938)

Emanuel Steward, American boxer, trainer, and sportscaster (born 1944)

Lisa Blount, American actress (born 1957)

Gregory Isaacs, Jamaican-English singer-songwriter (born 1951)

Vesna Parun, Croatian poet and author (born 1922)

John Peel, English radio host and producer (born 1939)

Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian spiritual leader and philosopher (born 1920)

Veikko Hakulinen, Finnish skier and technician (born 1925)

Richard Harris, Irish actor and singer (born 1930)

René Thom, French mathematician and biologist (born 1923)

Paul Wellstone, American academic and politician (born 1944)

Mochitsura Hashimoto, Japanese commander (born 1909)

Leonard Boyle, Irish and Canadian palaeographer and medievalist (born 1923)

Payne Stewart, American golfer (born 1957)

Viveca Lindfors, Swedish actress (born 1920)

Bobby Riggs, American tennis player (born 1918)

Kara Hultgreen, American lieutenant and pilot (born 1965)

Mildred Natwick, American actress (born 1905)

Danny Chan, Hong Kong singer-songwriter, producer, and actor (born 1958)

Vincent Price, American actor (born 1911)

Roger Miller, American singer-songwriter and actor (born 1936)

Richard Pousette-Dart, American painter and educator (born 1916)

Bill Graham, German-American concert promoter (born 1931)

Alberto da Costa Pereira, Portuguese footballer (born 1929)

Mary McCarthy, American novelist and critic (born 1912)

Forrest Tucker, American actor (born 1919)

Gary Holton, English singer-songwriter (born 1952)

Bill Eckersley, English footballer (born 1925)

Arvid Wallman, Swedish diver (born 1901)

Virgil Fox, American organist and educator (born 1912)

Víctor Galíndez, Argentine boxer (born 1948)

Sahir Ludhianvi, Indian poet and songwriter (born 1921)

Gerald Templer, English field marshal and politician, British High Commissioner in Malaya (born 1898)

Félix Gouin, French politician (born 1884)

Raymond Queneau, French poet and author (born 1903)

Vladimir Herzog, Brazilian journalist and activist (born 1937)

Abebe Bikila, Ethiopian runner (born 1932)

Cleo Moore, American actress (born 1928)

Robert Scholl, German accountant and politician (born 1891)

Johnny Mantz, American race car driver (born 1918)

Mikhail Yangel, Soviet missile designer (born 1911)

Ülo Sooster, Estonian painter (born 1924)

Ellinor Aiki, Estonian painter (born 1893)

Margaret Ayer Barnes, American author and playwright (born 1886)

Roger Désormière, French conductor and composer (born 1898)

Harry Ferguson, Irish-English engineer, founded the Ferguson Company (born 1884)

Albert Anastasia, Italian-American mob boss (born 1902)

Edward Plunkett, 18th Baron of Dunsany, English-Irish author, poet, and playwright (born 1878)

Risto Ryti, Finnish lawyer, politician and Governor of the Bank of Finland; 5th President of Finland (born 1889)

Sadako Sasaki, Japanese girl (born 1943)

Purshottam Narayan Gadgil, Indian jeweller and namesake of P. N. Gadgil Jewellers (born 1874)

Holger Pedersen, Danish linguist and academic (born 1867)

Mary Acworth Orr Evershed, English astronomer and Dante scholar (born 1867)

Robert Ley, German politician (born 1890)

Franz von Werra, Swiss-German captain and pilot (born 1914)

Thomas Waddell, Irish-Australian politician, 15th Premier of New South Wales (born 1854)

Alfonsina Storni, Swiss-Argentinian poet and author (born 1892)

Ziya Gökalp, Turkish sociologist, poet, and activist (born 1876)

Bat Masterson, American lawman, buffalo hunter, and sport writer (born 1853)

Alexander of Greece (born 1893)

Terence MacSwiney, Irish playwright, politician, Lord Mayor of Cork died on hunger strike (born 1879)

Joe Murphy, (Irish-American), died on hunger strike during the 1920 Cork hunger strike (born 1895)

William Kidston, Scottish-Australian politician, 17th Premier of Queensland (born 1849)

William Merritt Chase, American painter and educator (born 1849)

Willie Anderson, Scottish-American golfer (born 1878)

Frank Norris, American journalist and novelist (born 1870)

Charles Hallé, German-English pianist and conductor (born 1819)

Émile Augier, French playwright (born 1820)

John C. Clark, American lawyer and politician (born 1793)

Abbas Mirza, Persian prince (born 1789)

Philippe Pinel, French physician and psychiatrist (born 1745)

Henry Knox, American general and politician, 2nd United States Secretary of War (born 1750)

George II of Great Britain (born 1683)

Antoine Augustin Calmet, French monk and theologian (born 1672)

Giovanni Girolamo Saccheri, Italian priest, mathematician, and philosopher (born 1667)

William Scroggs, English judge and politician, Lord Chief Justice of England and Wales (born 1623)

Saint Job of Pochayiv, Ukrainian Orthodox Christian saint (born 1551)

Evangelista Torricelli, Italian physicist and mathematician (born 1608)

William Cavendish, English courtier and civil servant (born 1505)

William Elphinstone, Scottish bishop and academic, founded University of Aberdeen (born 1431)

John II of Portugal (born 1455)

Thaddeus McCarthy, Irish bishop (born 1455)

Catherine of Bosnia (born 1425)

Charles I of Albret

Philip II, Count of Nevers (born 1389)

Frederick I, Count of Vaudémont (born 1371)

Jean I, Duke of Alençon (born 1385)

Anthony, Duke of Brabant (born 1384)

Michael de la Pole, 3rd Earl of Suffolk, English soldier (born 1394)

Edward of Norwich, 2nd Duke of York, English politician (born 1373)

Dafydd Gam, Welsh nobleman (born c. 1380)

Geoffrey Chaucer, English philosopher, poet, and author (born c. 1343)

Beatrice of Castile, queen consort of Portugal (born 1293)

James III of Majorca (born 1315)

Robert Burnell, Lord Chancellor of England

Gilbert de Clare, 5th Earl of Gloucester, English soldier (born 1180)

Conrad of Wittelsbach, German cardinal (born 1120)

John of Salisbury, French bishop (born c. 1120)

Stephen, King of England

Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu

Magnus the Good, Norwegian king (born 1024)

Rudolph I, king of Burgundy (born 859)

Pope Boniface V