October 7 in History

Hamas and several other Palestinian militant groups launch an attack into Israel, which results in the deaths of around 1,200, mostly civilians, and the taking of 251 hostages, including civilians and soldiers. The attack initiated the Gaza war and the larger Middle Eastern crisis.

Ten people are killed and eight are injured in an explosion at petrol station in Creeslough, Ireland.

Ales Bialiatski, along with two organisations, Memorial & Center for Civil Liberties, are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

In the wake of Hurricane Matthew, the death toll rises to over 800.

Asteroid 2008 TC3 impacts the Earth over Sudan, the first time an asteroid impact is detected prior to its entry into Earth's atmosphere.

Qantas Flight 72 experiences an in-flight upset near Learmonth, Victoria, Australia, injuring 112.

Three bombs explode at Taba and Nuweiba in the Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, killing 34.

The Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on STS-112 to continue assembly of the International Space Station.

The U.S. invasion of Afghanistan begins with an air assault and covert operations on the ground, starting the longest war in American history.

Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Hezbollah militants capture three Israeli Defense Force soldiers in a cross-border raid.

Fox News Channel begins broadcasting.

The flood of '93 ends at St. Louis, Missouri, 103 days after it began, as the Mississippi River falls below flood stage.

Croatian War of Independence: Bombing of the Banski Dvori in Zagreb, Croatia.

A hunter discovers three gray whales trapped under the ice near Alaska; the situation becomes a multinational effort to free the whales.

Sikh nationalists declare the independence of Khalistan from India; it is not internationally recognized.

The Mameyes landslide kills almost 200 people in Puerto Rico.

Four men from the Palestine Liberation Front hijack the MS Achille Lauro off the coast of Egypt.

Swissair Flight 316 crashes at Ellinikon International Airport in Athens, Greece, killing 14.

Aeroflot Flight 1080 crashes after takeoff from Koltsovo International Airport, killing 38.

The Fourth Soviet Constitution is adopted.

President Kennedy signs the ratification of the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.

Buddhist crisis: Amid worsening relations, outspoken South Vietnamese First Lady Madame Ngo Dinh Nhu arrives in the US for a speaking tour, continuing a flurry of attacks on the Kennedy administration.

A Douglas Dakota IV operated by Derby Aviation (later renamed to British Midland International) crashes in Canigou, France, killing 34 people.

The Soviet probe Luna 3 transmits the first-ever photographs of the far side of the Moon.

The 1958 Pakistani coup d'état inaugurates a prolonged period of military rule.

The U.S. crewed space-flight project is renamed to Project Mercury.

Mother Teresa establishes the Missionaries of Charity.

The communist German Democratic Republic (East Germany) is formed.

World War II: The Sonderkommando Revolt in Auschwitz was an uprising of prisoners (especially the Sonderkommando) at the Auschwitz concentration camp, they burnt down Crematorium IV.

World War II: The McCollum memo proposes bringing the United States into the war in Europe by provoking the Japanese to attack the United States.

Photius II becomes Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.

Andreas Michalakopoulos becomes prime minister of Greece for a short period of time.

KLM, the flag carrier of the Netherlands, is founded. It is the oldest airline still operating under its original name.

Georgia Tech defeats Cumberland University 222–0 in the most lopsided college football game in American history.

Ford Motor Company introduces the first moving vehicle assembly line.

The Helsinki Stock Exchange sees its first transaction.

Germany and Austria-Hungary sign the "Twofold Covenant" and create the Dual Alliance.

Franco-Prussian War: Léon Gambetta escapes the siege of Paris in a hot-air balloon.

Cornell University holds opening day ceremonies; initial student enrollment is 412, the highest at any American university to that date.

American Civil War: A US Navy ship captures a Confederate raider in a Brazilian seaport.

Willem II becomes King of the Netherlands.

Morea expedition: The city of Patras, Greece, is liberated by the French expeditionary force.

The Granite Railway begins operations as the first chartered railway in the U.S.

French corsair Robert Surcouf, commander of the 18-gun ship La Confiance, captures the British 38-gun Kent.

American Revolutionary War: American militia defeat royalist irregulars led by British major Patrick Ferguson at the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina, often regarded as the turning point in the war's Southern theater.

American Revolutionary War: The Americans defeat British forces under general John Burgoyne in the Second Battle of Saratoga, also known as the Battle of Bemis Heights, compelling Burgoyne's eventual surrender.

King George III issues the Royal Proclamation of 1763, closing Indigenous lands in North America north and west of the Alleghenies to white settlements.

The charter for the Province of Massachusetts Bay is issued.

The Battle of Lepanto is fought, and the Ottoman Navy suffers its first defeat.

War of the League of Cambrai: Spain defeats Venice.

Uppsala University is inaugurated after receiving its corporate rights from Pope Sixtus IV in February the same year.

Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon.

The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar.

Joaquín Panichelli, Argentine footballer

Princess Senate Seeiso, Princess of Lesotho

Ferdi Kadıoğlu, Turkish footballer

Trent Alexander-Arnold, English footballer

Ryan Trahan, American YouTuber

Kira Kosarin, American actress and singer

Nicole Maines, American actress, writer, and activist

Lewis Capaldi, Scottish singer-songwriter

Choi Jeong, South Korean Go player

Guglielmo Vicario, Italian footballer

Lyndon Dykes, Australian professional footballer

Mathias Dyngeland, Norwegian footballer

Lloyd Jones, English professional footballer

Bram van Vlerken, Dutch professional football player

Nic Stauskas, Canadian basketball player

Mookie Betts, American baseball player

Oscar Fantenberg, Swedish ice hockey player

Mike Foltynewicz, American baseball player

Nicole Jung, American singer

Lay Zhang, Chinese singer-songwriter and actor

Sebastián Coates, Uruguayan footballer

Trent Merrin, Australian rugby league player

Diego da Silva Costa, Brazilian footballer

Jeremy Brockie, New Zealand footballer

Alex Cobb, American baseball player

Aiden English, American wrestler

Damion James, American basketball player

Sam Querrey, American tennis player

Chase Daniel, American football player

Lee Nguyen, American soccer player

Gunnar Nielsen, Faroese footballer

Bree Olson, American actress, model, and former pornographic actress

A. J. Price, American basketball player

Holland Roden, American actress

Amy Satterthwaite, New Zealand cricketer

Amber Stevens West, American actress

Evan Longoria, American baseball player

Salman Butt, Pakistani cricketer

Toma Ikuta, Japanese actor and singer

Simon Poulsen, Danish footballer

Zachary Wyatt, American soldier and politician

Archie Bland, English journalist and author

Dwayne Bravo, Trinidadian cricketer

Flying Lotus, American rapper, DJ, and producer

Scottie Upshall, Canadian ice hockey player

Madjid Bougherra, Algerian footballer

Jermain Defoe, English footballer

Robby Ginepri, American tennis player

Jake McLaughlin, American actor

Lockett Pundt, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Li Yundi, Chinese pianist

Simona Amânar, Romanian gymnast

Aaron Ashmore, Canadian actor

Shawn Ashmore, Canadian actor

Alison Balsom, English trumpet player and educator

Alesha Dixon, English singer-songwriter and dancer

Zaheer Khan, Indian cricketer

Omar Benson Miller, American actor

Antoine Revoy, French comics writer and illustrator

Marc Coma, Spanish motorcycle racer

Taylor Hicks, American singer-songwriter

Gilberto Silva, Brazilian footballer

Santiago Solari, Argentinian footballer and manager

Charles Woodson, American football player

Giorgos Karadimos, Greek singer-songwriter and guitarist

Damian Kulash, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Tim Minchin, English-Australian comedian, actor, and singer

Rhyno, American wrestler

Rune Glifberg, Danish skateboarder

Allison Munn, American actress

Ruslan Nigmatullin, Russian footballer

Charlotte Perrelli, Swedish singer

Dida, Brazilian footballer

Priest Holmes, American football player

Sami Hyypiä, Finnish footballer and manager

Grigol Mgaloblishvili, Georgian politician and diplomat, 7th Prime Minister of Georgia

Marlou Aquino, Filipino basketball player

Ben Younger, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Daniel Boucher, Canadian singer and actor

Nicole Ari Parker, American actress

Bobbie Brown, American model and actress

Malia Hosaka, American wrestler

Thom Yorke, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

Michelle Alexander, American law professor, author and activist

Peter Baker, English golfer

Toni Braxton, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress

María Corina Machado, Venezuelan Nobel Prize Laureate

Sherman Alexie, American novelist, short story writer, poet, and filmmaker

Marco Beltrami, Italian-American composer and conductor

Janet Shaw, Australian cyclist and author (died 2012)

Genji Hashimoto, Japanese race car driver

Kumiko Watanabe, Japanese voice actress

Sam Brown, English singer-songwriter, musician, and record producer

Dan Savage, American LGBT rights activist, journalist and television producer

Paul Stewart, English footballer

Dave Bronconnier, Canadian businessman and politician, 35th Mayor of Calgary

Micky Flanagan, English comedian

William Johnson, German-English cricketer

Brian Mannix, Australian singer-songwriter

Tony Sparano, American football player and coach (died 2018)

Kevin Boyle, American historian and author

Dylan Baker, American actor

Simon Cowell, English businessman and record producer

Lourdes Flores, Peruvian lawyer and politician

Jean-Marc Fournier, Canadian lawyer and politician

Brazo de Oro, Mexican wrestler (died 2017)

Joey Marquez, Filipino basketball player, actor, and politician

Michael W. Smith, American singer-songwriter and actor

Jayne Torvill, English figure skater

Steve Bainbridge, English rugby player

Mike Shipley, Australian-English sound engineer and producer (died 2013)

Brian Sutter, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Ralph Johnson, American computer scientist and author

Bill Henson, Australian photographer

Yo-Yo Ma, French-American cellist and educator

Linda Griffiths, Canadian actress and playwright (died 2014)

Margus Lepa, Estonian journalist and actor

Tico Torres, American drummer

Mary Badham, American actress

Vladimir Putin, Russian colonel and politician, 4th President of Russia

Jacques Richard, Canadian ice hockey player (died 2002)

Graham Yallop, Australian cricketer

Enki Bilal, French comic book creator, comics artist and film director

John Mellencamp, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor

Dick Jauron, American football player and coach (died 2025)

Jakaya Kikwete, Tanzanian colonel, economist, and politician, 4th President of Tanzania

Dave Hope, American bass player and priest

Diane Ackerman, American poet and essayist

John F. B. Mitchell, English climatologist and author

Stephen Rucker, American composer

Chris Bambridge, Australian footballer and referee

Jill Larson, American actress

John Brass, Australian rugby player and coach

Catharine MacKinnon, American lawyer, activist, and author

Kevin Godley, English singer-songwriter and director

David Wallace, Scottish physicist and academic

Judee Sill, American singer-songwriter and musician (died 1979)

Donald Tsang, Chinese civil servant and politician, 2nd Chief Executive of Hong Kong

José Cardenal, Cuban baseball player and coach

Oliver North, American colonel, journalist, and author

Joy Behar, American talk show host, comedian and television personality

John Hopcroft, American computer scientist and author

Clive James, Australian television host, author, and critic (died 2019)

Harry Kroto, English chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2016)

Laurent Monsengwo Pasinya, Congolese cardinal (died 2021)

Bill Snyder, American football player and coach

Yvonne Brewster, Jamaican actress and theatre director

Ann Jones, English tennis player and sportscaster

Christopher Booker, English journalist and author (died 2019)

Chet Powers, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1994)

Maria Szyszkowska, Polish academic and politician

Michael Hurll, English director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2012)

Thomas Keneally, Australian novelist, playwright, and essayist

Amiri Baraka, American poet, playwright, and academic (died 2014)

Ulrike Meinhof, German left-wing militant, co-founder of the Red Army Faction, journalist (died 1976)

Willie Naulls, American basketball player (died 2018)

Julian Thompson, English general and historian

Harold Dunaway, American race car driver and pilot (died 2012)

Joannes Gijsen, Dutch bishop (died 2013)

Cotton Fitzsimmons, American basketball player and coach (died 2004)

Tommy Lewis, American football player and coach (died 2014)

R. Sivagurunathan, Sri Lankan journalist, lawyer, and academic (died 2003)

Desmond Tutu, South African archbishop and activist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2021)

Curtis Crider, American race car driver (died 2012)

Graeme Ferguson, Canadian director and producer, co-founded the IMAX Corporation (died 2021)

Mariano Gagnon, American Catholic priest and author (died 2017)

Robert Westall, English journalist and author (died 1993)

José Messias, Brazilian composer, singer, writer, host and critic (died 2015)

Ali Kafi, Algerian politician (died 2013)

Lorna Wing, English autism researcher (died 2014)

Al Martino, American singer and actor (died 2009)

R. D. Laing, Scottish psychiatrist and author (died 1989)

Demetrio González, Spanish-Mexican film actor and singer (died 2015)

Alex Groza, American basketball player (died 1995)

Irma Grese, German SS officer (died 1945)

Břetislav Pojar, Czech animator and director (died 2012)

Jean-Paul Riopelle, Canadian painter and sculptor (died 2002)

Grady Hatton, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 2013)

William Zinsser, American journalist and critic (died 2015)

Raymond Goethals, Belgian footballer and coach (died 2004)

Georg Leber, German soldier and politician, German Federal Minister of Defence (died 2012)

Jack Rowley, English footballer and manager (died 1998)

Henriette Avram, American computer scientist and academic (died 2006)

Zelman Cowen, Australian academic and politician, 19th Governor-General of Australia (died 2011)

Georges Duby, French historian and author (died 1996)

Harry V. Jaffa, American historian, philosopher, and academic (died 2015)

June Allyson, American actress (died 2006)

Begum Akhtar, Indian actress (died 1974)

Sarah Churchill, English actress (died 1982)

Alfred Drake, American actor and singer (died 1992)

Herman Keiser, American golfer (died 2003)

Simon Carmiggelt, Dutch journalist and author (died 1987)

Raimond Valgre, Estonian pianist, guitarist, and composer (died 1949)

Fernando Belaúnde Terry, Peruvian architect and politician, President of Peru (died 2002)

Peter Walker, English race car driver (died 1984)

Vaughn Monroe, American singer, trumpet player, and bandleader (died 1973)

Henry Plumer McIlhenny, American art collector and philanthropist (died 1986)

Anni Blomqvist, Finnish author (died 1990)

Shura Cherkassky, Ukrainian-American pianist and educator (died 1995)

Erastus Corning 2nd, American soldier and politician, 72nd Mayor of Albany (died 1983)

Helen MacInnes, Scottish-American librarian and author (died 1985)

Andy Devine, American actor (died 1977)

Armando Castellazzi, Italian footballer and coach (died 1968)

Chuck Klein, American baseball player (died 1958)

Frank Boucher, Canadian ice hockey player and executive (died 1977)

Heinrich Himmler, Nazi politician, head of the SS and senior official responsible for the Holocaust (died 1945)

Elijah Muhammad, American religious leader (died 1975)

Thakin Mya, Burmese lawyer and politician (died 1947)

Paulino Alcántara, Spanish Filipino football player and manager (died 1964)

Maurice Grevisse, Belgian linguist and author (died 1980)

Alice Dalgliesh, Trinidadian-American author and publisher (died 1979)

Dwain Esper, American director and producer (died 1982)

Robert Z. Leonard, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1968)

Henry A. Wallace, American agronomist and politician, 33rd Vice President of the United States (died 1965)

Edna Meade Colson, American educator and activist (died 1985)

Jack Russell, English cricketer and coach (died 1961)

Niels Bohr, Danish physicist and philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1962)

Claud Ashton Jones, American admiral, Medal of Honor recipient (died 1948)

Harold Geiger, American lieutenant and pilot (died 1927)

Mikhail Drozdovsky, Ukrainian-Russian general (died 1918)

Joe Hill, Swedish-born American labor activist and poet (died 1915)

Louis Tancred, South African cricketer (died 1934)

Uncle Dave Macon, American old-time country banjo player, singer-songwriter, and comedian (died 1952)

Wlodimir Ledóchowski, Polish-Austrian religious leader, 26th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (died 1942)

Leonidas Paraskevopoulos, Greek general and politician (died 1936)

James Whitcomb Riley, American poet and author (died 1916)

Nicholas I of Montenegro (died 1921)

Henri Elzéar Taschereau, Canadian scholar and jurist, 4th Chief Justice of Canada (died 1911)

Felix Draeseke, German composer and educator (died 1913)

Charles Crozat Converse, American lawyer and composer (died 1918)

Richard H. Anderson, American general (died 1879)

Ann Eliza Smith, American author and patriot (died 1905)

Mills Darden, one of the largest men ever in human history (died 1857)

Jean-Baptiste Vuillaume, French instrument maker and businessman (died 1875)

Louis-Joseph Papineau, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 1871)

Solomon Sibley, American lawyer, jurist, and politician, 1st Mayor of Detroit (died 1846)

Charles XIII of Sweden (died 1818)

William Billings, American composer and educator (died 1800)

Sergey Vyazmitinov, Russian general and politician, War Governor of Saint Petersburg (died 1819)

Caesar Rodney, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 4th Governor of Delaware (died 1784)

Granville Elliott, English general (died 1759)

Roger de Piles, French painter (died 1709)

Captain John Underhill, English settler and soldier (died 1672)

Pierre Le Muet, French architect (died 1669)

Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria (died 1631)

Isaac Massa, Dutch diplomat (died 1643)

John Marston, English poet and playwright (died 1634)

William Laud, English archbishop and academic (died 1645)

Ernest, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (died 1553)

Bernhard III, Margrave of Baden-Baden (died 1536)

Frederick I of Denmark (died 1533)

Elizabeth of Luxembourg (died 1442)

Grand Prince Aleksandr Mikhailovich of Tver (died 1339)

Drusus Julius Caesar, Roman politician (died 23 AD)

Cissy Houston, American singer (born 1933)

Arie L. Kopelman, American businessman (born 1938)

Zaw Myint Maung, Burmese politician, physician and former political prisoner (born 1951)

Lore Segal, American novelist (born 1928)

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Israelis murdered or fell in the line of duty during the October 7 attacks

Terence Davies, English filmmaker

Arun Bali, Indian actor (born 1942)

Mario Molina, Mexican chemist (born 1943)

Ross Higgins, Australian actor, comedian (born 1930)

Harry Gallatin, American basketball player and coach (born 1927)

Hossein Hamadani, Iranian general (born 1951)

Jurelang Zedkaia, Marshallese politician, 5th President of the Marshall Islands (born 1950)

Nika Kiladze, Georgian footballer (born 1988)

Siegfried Lenz, Polish-German author and playwright (born 1926)

Iva Withers, Canadian-American actress and singer (born 1917)

Mick Buckley, English footballer (born 1953)

Terry Burnham, American actress (born 1949)

Patrice Chéreau, French actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1944)

David E. Jeremiah, American admiral (born 1934)

Leandro Mendoza, Filipino police officer and politician, 36th Executive Secretary of the Philippines (born 1946)

Joe Rogers, American lawyer and politician, 45th Lieutenant Governor of Colorado (born 1964)

Mervyn M. Dymally, Trinidadian-American politician, 41st Lieutenant Governor of California (born 1926)

Ivo Michiels, Belgian-French author and poet (born 1923)

Wiley Reed, American-Australian singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1944)

Ramiz Alia, Albanian politician, 1st President of Albania (born 1925)

Andrew Laszlo, Hungarian-American cinematographer (born 1926)

T Lavitz, American keyboard player, composer, and producer (born 1956)

Milka Planinc, Croatian lawyer and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (born 1924)

Irving Penn, American photographer (born 1917)

Norifumi Abe, Japanese motorcycle racer (born 1975)

George E. Sangmeister, American lawyer and politician (born 1931)

Julen Goikoetxea, Spanish cyclist (born 1985)

Anna Politkovskaya, American-Russian journalist and activist (born 1958)

Charles Rocket, American actor and comedian (born 1949)

Miki Matsubara, Japanese composer, lyricist, and singer (born 1959)

Tony Lanfranchi, English race car driver (born 1935)

Izzy Asper, Canadian lawyer and politician (born 1932)

Arthur Berger, American composer and educator (born 1912)

Pierangelo Bertoli, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1942)

Herblock, American cartoonist and author (born 1909)

Christopher Adams, English-American wrestler and trainer (born 1955)

Roger Gaudry, Canadian chemist and businessman (born 1913)

Cees de Vreugd, Dutch strongman and weightlifter (born 1952)

Lou Lichtveld, Surinamese-Dutch author, playwright, and politician (born 1903)

Ivan Hutchinson, Australian film critic and author (born 1928)

Olga Taussky-Todd, Austrian-Czech-American mathematician, attendant of the Vienna Circle (born 1906)

Niels Kaj Jerne, Danish-English physician and immunologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1911)

Cyril Cusack, South African-born Irish actor (born 1910)

Allan Bloom, American philosopher and educator (born 1930)

Babu Karam Singh Bal, Indian businessman and politician (born1927)

Harry W. Brown, American colonel and pilot (born 1921)

Leo Durocher, American baseball player and manager (born 1905)

Darren Millane, Australian footballer (born 1965)

Beatrice Hutton, Australian architect (born 1893)

Chiara Badano, Italian beatified (born1971)

Grim Natwick, American animator (born 1890)

Cemal Reşit Rey, Turkish pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1904)

George O. Abell, American astronomer, professor, science popularizer, and skeptic (born 1927)

Alphonse-Marie Parent, Canadian priest and academic (born 1906)

Léon Scieur, Belgian cyclist (born 1888)

Norman Angell, English journalist and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1872)

Grigoris Asikis, Greek singer-songwriter (born 1890)

Oking Jaya Atmaja, Indonesian military officer (born 1918)

Mario Lanza, American tenor and actor (born 1921)

Clarence Birdseye, American businessman, founded Birds Eye (born 1886)

Anton Philips, Dutch businessman, co-founded Philips (born 1874)

Willis Haviland Carrier, American engineer (born 1876)

Helmut Lent, German colonel and pilot (born 1918)

Radclyffe Hall, English author and poet (born 1880)

Harvey Williams Cushing, American neurosurgeon and academic (born 1869)

Alexander Peacock, Australian politician, 20th Premier of Victoria (born 1861)

Emil Kraepelin, German psychologist and academic (born 1856)

Christy Mathewson, American baseball player and manager (born 1880)

Alfred Deakin, Australian lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Australia (born 1856)

John Hughlings Jackson, English neurologist and physician (born 1835)

Honoré Beaugrand, Canadian journalist and politician, 18th Mayor of Montreal (born 1848)

Isabella Bird, English historian and explorer (born 1831)

Rudolf Lipschitz, German mathematician and academic (born 1832)

Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., American physician, author, and poet (born 1809)

Bernard Petitjean, French Roman Catholic missionary to Japan (born 1829)

Edgar Allan Poe, American short story writer, poet, and critic (born 1809)

Thomas Reid, Scottish mathematician and philosopher (born 1710)

Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, English politician, President of the Board of Trade (born 1718)

George Mason, American lawyer and politician (born 1725)

Henry Muhlenberg, German-American pastor and missionary (born 1711)

John Woolman, American preacher and abolitionist (born 1720)

Giulia Lama, Italian painter (born 1681)

Guru Gobind Singh, Indian 10th Sikh guru (born 1666)

Fausto Poli, Italian cardinal (born 1581)

Jacques Sirmond, French scholar (born 1559)

Victor Amadeus I, duke of Savoy (born 1587)

Stanisław Żółkiewski, Polish-Lithuanian commander (born 1547)

Giovanni Battista Guarini, Italian poet, playwright, and diplomat (born 1538)

George Gascoigne, English soldier, courtier, and poet (born 1535)

Sufi Ali Pasha, Ottoman soldier and politician, Ottoman Governor of Egypt

Dorothea of Saxe-Lauenburg, Danish queen consort of Christian III of Denmark (born 1511)

Cristóbal de Morales, Spanish composer (born 1500)

Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, Italian nobleman (born 1417)

Jean Poton de Xaintrailles, follower of Joan of Arc (born c. 1390)

Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, Belgian-English politician (born 1338)

Eleanor de Bohun, English noblewoman (born 1304)

Ezzelino III da Romano, Italian ruler

Juntoku, Japanese emperor (born 1197)

Qian Chu, king of Wuyue (born 929)

Shi Zong, emperor of the Liao Dynasty (born 919)

Xiao, Chinese Khitan empress dowager

Zhen, Chinese Khitan empress consort

Li, Chinese empress consort

Charles the Simple, French king (born 879)

Montoku, Japanese emperor (born 826)

Mark, pope of the Catholic Church