October 6 in History

The 2025 Alberta teachers' strike begins, leaving approximately 51,000 teachers off-work, impacting about 730,000 Albertan students.

Annie Ernaux is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

The United States Senate confirms Brett Kavanaugh as a Supreme Court Associate Justice, ending a contentious confirmation process.

Instagram, a mainstream photo-sharing application, is founded.

Jason Lewis completes the first human-powered circumnavigation of the Earth.

The first planet orbiting another sun, 51 Pegasi b, is discovered.

Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-41, and deploys the Ulysses space probe to study the Sun's polar regions.

Fiji becomes a republic.

Police constable Keith Blakelock is murdered as riots erupt in the Broadwater Farm suburb of London.

Egyptian President Anwar Sadat is murdered by Islamic extremists.

NLM CityHopper Flight 431 crashes in Moerdijk after taking off from Rotterdam The Hague Airport in the Netherlands, killing all 17 people on board.

Pope John Paul II becomes the first pontiff to visit the White House.

The first prototype of the Mikoyan MiG-29, designated 9-01, makes its maiden flight.

Cubana de Aviación Flight 455 is destroyed by two bombs, placed on board by an anti-Castro militant group.

Premier Hua Guofeng arrests the Gang of Four, ending the Cultural Revolution in China.

Dozens are killed by Thai police and right-wing paramilitaries in the Thammasat University massacre; afterwards, the Seni Pramoj government is toppled in a military coup led by Sangad Chaloryu.

Egypt and Syria launch coordinated attacks against Israel, beginning the Yom Kippur War.

World War II: Units of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps enter Czechoslovakia during the Battle of the Dukla Pass.

World War II: Thirteen civilians are burnt alive by a paramilitary group in Crete during the Nazi occupation of Greece.

World War II: American troops force the Japanese from their positions east of the Matanikau River during the Battle of Guadalcanal.

World War II: The Battle of Kock is the final combat of the September Campaign in Poland.

Revolution of 1934: The President of the autonomous government of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, proclaims the Catalan State with the support of the Worker's Alliance.

Opening of The Jazz Singer, the first prominent "talkie" movie.

The Turkish National Movement enters Constantinople.

Ukrainian War of Independence: The Starobilsk agreement is signed by representatives of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Makhnovshchina.

World War I: Combined Austro-Hungarian and German Central Powers, reinforced by the recently joined Bulgaria launched a new offensive against Serbia under command of August von Mackensen.

World War I: Entente forces land in Thessaloniki, to open the Macedonian front against the Central Powers.

Eleftherios Venizelos is elected Prime Minister of Greece for the first of seven times.

The Bosnian crisis erupts when Austria-Hungary formally annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The High Court of Australia sits for the first time.

Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, the largest American music fraternity, is founded at the New England Conservatory of Music.

The Naval War College of the United States is founded in Rhode Island.

In England the Great fire of Newcastle and Gateshead leads to 53 deaths and hundreds injured.

The execution of the 13 Martyrs of Arad after the Hungarian war of independence.

A large fire destroys a third of all the buildings in the town of Raahe in the Grand Duchy of Finland.

French Revolution: King Louis XVI is forced to change his residence from Versailles to the Tuileries Palace.

American Revolutionary War: British forces capture Forts Clinton and Montgomery on the Hudson River.

Seven Years' War: The British capture Manila from Spain and occupy it.

Immigrant families found Germantown, Pennsylvania in the first major immigration of German people to America.

Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance, beginning the Baroque period.

Spain's DeSoto expedition takes over the Apalachee capital of Anhaica for their winter quarters.

Transition from Sui to Tang: Wang Shichong decisively defeats Li Mi at the Battle of Yanshi.

Byzantine Empress Eudoxia dies from the miscarriage of her seventh pregnancy.

Rebels decapitate Wang Mang, only Emperor of the Xin Dynasty, after his capital was sacked during a peasant rebellion.

Third Mithridatic War: The military of the Roman Republic subdues Armenia.

Cimbrian War: Defeat at the Battle of Arausio of the Roman army of the mid-Republic

Bronny James, American basketball player

Hanni, Australian singer

Jonathan Kuminga, Congolese basketball player

Hitomi Honda, Japanese singer based in South Korea

Jazz Jennings, American internet personality

Kyle Pitts, American football player

Addison Rae, American social media personality, dancer, and singer

Trevor Lawrence, American football player

Kasper Dolberg, Danish footballer

Kevin Diks, Indonesian footballer

Jake Guentzel, American ice hockey player

Lee Joo-heon, South Korean rapper and songwriter

Adam Gemili, English sprinter

Jourdan Miller, American fashion model

Nail Yakupov, Russian ice hockey player

Josh Archibald, Canadian-American ice hockey player

Taylor Paris, Canadian rugby player

Scarlett Byrne, English actress

Marcus Johansson, Swedish ice hockey player

Nazem Kadri, Canadian ice hockey player

Han Sun-hwa, South Korean singer and actress

Albert Ebossé Bodjongo, Cameroonian footballer (died 2014)

Tyler Ennis, Canadian ice hockey player

Pizzi, Portuguese footballer

Akuila Uate, Fijian-Australian rugby league player

Meg Myers, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Olivia Thirlby, American actress

Mitchell Cole, English footballer (died 2012)

Sylvia Fowles, American basketball player

Sandra Góngora, Mexican ten-pin bowler

Tarmo Kink, Estonian footballer

Morné Morkel, South African cricketer

Renata Voráčová, Czech tennis player

Levon Aronian, Armenian chess grandmaster

Will Butler, American musician and composer

Paul Smith, English boxer

Zurab Khizanishvili, Georgian footballer

Abdoulaye Méïté, French footballer

David Di Tommaso, French footballer (died 2005)

Mohamed Kallon, Sierra Leonean footballer and manager

Richard Seymour, American football player

Ricky Hatton, English boxer and promoter (died 2025)

Liu Yang, Chinese astronaut

Daniel Brière, Canadian ice hockey player

Shimon Gershon, Israeli footballer and singer

Wes Ramsey, American actor

Freddy García, Venezuelan baseball player

Brett Gelman, American actor and comedian

Reon King, Guyanese cricketer

Walter Centeno, Costa Rican footballer and manager

Kenny Jönsson, Swedish ice hockey player and coach

Seema Kennedy, British politician

Jeremy Sisto, American actor, producer, and screenwriter

Hoàng Xuân Vinh, Vietnamese shooter

Jeff B. Davis, American comedian, actor, and singer

Ioan Gruffudd, Welsh actor

Rebecca Lobo, American basketball player and sportscaster

Mark Schwarzer, Australian footballer

Emily Mortimer, English actress

Amy Jo Johnson, American actress

Shauna MacDonald, Canadian actress and producer

Darren Oliver, American baseball player

Byron Black, Zimbabwean golfer

Muhammad V of Kelantan, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia

Bjarne Goldbæk, Danish footballer and sportscaster

Bob May, American golfer

Kennet Andersson, Swedish footballer

Svend Karlsen, Norwegian strongman and bodybuilder

Steven Woolfe, English barrister and politician

Melania Mazzucco, Italian author

Jacqueline Obradors, American actress

Niall Quinn, Irish footballer and manager

Tommy Stinson, American singer-songwriter and bass player

Jürgen Kohler, German footballer and manager

Peg O'Connor, American philosopher and academic

Steve Scalise, American lawyer and politician

Rubén Sierra, Puerto Rican-American baseball player

John McWhorter, American academic and linguist

Ricky Berry, American basketball player (died 1989)

Mark Field, German-English lawyer and politician

Tom Jager, American swimmer and coach

Miltos Manetas, Greek painter

Knut Storberget, Norwegian lawyer and politician, Norwegian Minister of Justice

Matthew Sweet, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Sven Andersson, Swedish footballer and coach

Elisabeth Shue, American actress

David Baker, American biologist and academic

Rich Yett, American baseball player

Miyuki Matsuda, Japanese actress

Paul Sansome, English footballer

Ben Summerskill, English businessman and journalist

Richard Jobson, Scottish singer, songwriter director and producer.

Turki bin Sultan, Saudi Arabian politician (died 2012)

Oil Can Boyd, American baseball player

Brian Higgins, American politician

Walter Ray Williams, Jr., American bowler

Sergei Mylnikov, Russian ice hockey player and coach (died 2017)

Bruce Grobbelaar, Zimbabwean footballer and coach

Sadiq al-Ahmar, Yemeni politician (died 2023)

Kathleen Webb, American author and illustrator

Tony Dungy, American football player and coach

Bill Buford, American author and journalist

David Hidalgo, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Rein Rannap, Estonian pianist and composer

Ayten Mutlu, Turkish poet and author

Kevin Cronin, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Clive Rees, Singaporean-Welsh rugby player and educator

Gavin Sutherland, Scottish singer-songwriter and bass player

Manfred Winkelhock, German race car driver (died 1985)

David Brin, American physicist and author

Lonnie Johnson, American inventor

Penny Junor, English journalist and author

Thomas McClary, American R&B singer-songwriter and guitarist

Leslie Moonves, American businessman

Nicolas Peyrac, French singer-songwriter and photographer

Gerry Adams, Irish republican politician

Glenn Branca, American guitarist and composer (died 2018)

Patxi Andión, Spanish singer-songwriter and actor (died 2019)

Klaus Dibiasi, Italian diver

Millie Small, Jamaican singer-songwriter (died 2020)

Lloyd Doggett, American lawyer and politician

Tony Greig, South African-English cricketer and sportscaster (died 2012)

John Monie, Australian rugby league player and coach

Eddie Villanueva, Filipino evangelist and politician, founded the ZOE Broadcasting Network

Vinod Khanna, Indian actor, producer and politician (died 2017)

Ivan Graziani, Italian singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1997)

Merzak Allouache, Algerian director and screenwriter

Patrick Cordingley, English general

Boris Mikhailov, Russian ice hockey player and coach

Carlos Pace, Brazilian race car driver (died 1977)

Richard Caborn, English engineer and politician, Minister for Sport and the Olympics

Peter Dowding, Australian politician, 24th Premier of Western Australia

Alexander Maxovich Shilov, Russian painter

Cees Veerman, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2014)

Dan Christensen, American painter (died 2007)

Britt Ekland, Swedish actress and singer

Fred Travalena, American comedian and actor (died 2009)

Paul Popham, American soldier and activist, co-founded Gay Men's Health Crisis (died 1987)

Jan Keizer, Dutch footballer and referee

Melvyn Bragg, English journalist, author, and academic

Jack Cullen, American baseball player

Richard Delgado, American lawyer and academic

Sheila Greibach, American computer scientist and academic

John J. LaFalce, American captain, lawyer, and politician

Serge Nubret, Caribbean-French bodybuilder and actor (died 2011)

Julius L. Chambers, American lawyer, educator, and activist (died 2013)

Bruno Sammartino, Italian-American wrestler and trainer (died 2018)

Marshall Rosenberg, American psychologist and author (died 2015)

Prince Mukarram Jah, 8th Nizam of Hyderabad (died 2023)

Nikolai Chernykh, Russian astronomer (died 2004)

Eileen Derbyshire, English actress

Riccardo Giacconi, Italian-American astrophysicist and astronomer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2018)

Hafez al-Assad, Syrian general and politician, 20th President of Syria (died 2000)

Richie Benaud, Australian cricketer and sportscaster (died 2015)

George Mattos, American pole vaulter (died 2012)

Flora MacNeil, Scottish Gaelic singer (died 2015)

Barbara Werle, American actress and singer (died 2013)

Bill King, American sportscaster (died 2005)

Shana Alexander, American journalist and author (died 2005)

Robert Kuok, Malaysian Chinese business magnate and investor

Yaşar Kemal, Turkish journalist and author (died 2015)

Joe Frazier, American baseball player and manager (died 2011)

Teala Loring, American actress (died 2007)

Evgenii Landis, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and theorist (died 1997)

Joseph Lowery, American minister and activist (died 2020)

Giovanni Michelotti, Italian automotive designer (died 1980)

John Donaldson, Baron Donaldson of Lymington, English lawyer and judge (died 2005)

Tommy Lawton, English footballer and coach (died 1996)

Goh Keng Swee, Singaporean soldier and politician, 2nd Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore (died 2010)

André Pilette, French-Belgian race car driver (died 1993)

Fannie Lou Hamer, American activist and philanthropist (died 1977)

Chiang Wei-kuo, Japanese-Chinese general (died 1997)

Carolyn Goodman, American psychologist and activist (died 2007)

Humberto Sousa Medeiros, Portuguese-American cardinal (died 1983)

Alice Timander, Swedish dentist and actress (died 2007)

Thor Heyerdahl, Norwegian ethnographer and explorer (died 2002)

Joan Littlewood, English director and playwright (died 2002)

Méret Oppenheim, German-Swiss painter and photographer (died 1985)

Perkins Bass, American lawyer and politician (died 2011)

Barbara Castle, English journalist and politician, First Secretary of State (died 2002)

Orazio Satta Puliga, Italian automobile designer (died 1974)

Carole Lombard, American actress (died 1942)

Sergei Sobolev, Russian mathematician and academic (died 1989)

Janet Gaynor, American actress (died 1984)

Taffy O'Callaghan, Welsh footballer and coach (died 1946)

Helen Wills, American tennis player and painter (died 1998)

Ernest Walton, Irish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1995)

Eveline Du Bois-Reymond Marcus, German-Brazilian zoologist and academic (died 1990)

Vivion Brewer, American activist and desegregationist (died 1991)

Willy Merkl, German mountaineer (died 1934)

Stan Nichols, English cricketer (died 1961)

Florence B. Seibert, American biochemist and academic (died 1991)

David Howard, American film director (died 1941)

Caroline Gordon, American author and critic (died 1981)

Meghnad Saha, Indian astrophysicist, astronomer, and academic (died 1956)

Hendrik Adamson, Estonian poet and educator (died 1946)

Roland Garros, French soldier and pilot (died 1918)

Le Corbusier, Swiss-French architect and painter, designed the Philips Pavilion and Saint-Pierre, Firminy (died 1965)

Edwin Fischer, Swiss pianist and conductor (died 1960)

Karol Szymanowski, Polish pianist and composer (died 1937)

Ernest Lapointe, Canadian lawyer and politician, 18th Canadian Minister of Justice (died 1941)

Frank G. Allen, American merchant and politician, 51st Governor of Massachusetts (died 1950)

Reginald Fessenden, Canadian engineer and academic, invented radiotelephony (died 1932)

Albert J. Beveridge, American historian and politician (died 1927)

George Westinghouse, American engineer and businessman, founded the Westinghouse Air Brake Company (died 1914)

Giuseppe Cesare Abba, Italian soldier, poet, and author (died 1910)

Richard Dedekind, German mathematician and philosopher (died 1916)

James Caulfeild, 3rd Earl of Charlemont, Irish politician, Lord Lieutenant of Armagh (died 1892)

Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano and actress (died 1887)

Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, Polish-German physicist and meteorologist (died 1879)

Hippolyte Carnot, French politician (died 1888)

John MacCulloch, Scottish geologist and academic (died 1835)

Louis Philippe I of France (died 1850)

Isaac Brock, English general and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada (died 1812)

Henri Christophe, Grenadian-Haitian king (died 1820)

James McGill, Scottish-Canadian businessman and philanthropist, founded McGill University (died 1813)

Johan Herman Wessel, Norwegian-Danish poet and playwright (died 1785)

Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria (died 1789)

John Broadwood, Scottish businessman, co-founded John Broadwood and Sons (died 1812)

Sarah Crosby, English preacher, the first female Methodist preacher (died 1804)

George Montagu-Dunk, 2nd Earl of Halifax, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (died 1771)

Géraud de Cordemoy, French historian, philosopher and lawyer (died 1684)

Charles de Sainte-Maure, duc de Montausier, French general (died 1690)

Settimia Caccini, Italian singer-songwriter (died 1638)

Roger Manners, 5th Earl of Rutland (died 1612)

Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Hampshire (died 1624)

Marie de Gournay, French writer (died 1645)

Ferenc Nádasdy, Hungarian noble (died 1604)

Matteo Ricci, Italian priest and missionary (died 1610)

John Caius, English physician and academic, co-founded the Gonville and Caius College (died 1573)

Rowland Taylor, English priest and martyr (died 1555)

Martin Behaim, German navigator and geographer (died 1507)

Wenceslaus III of Bohemia (died 1306)

Yuknoom Yichʼaak Kʼahkʼ (died around 696)

Dave Hobson, American politician (born 1936)

Johan Neeskens, Dutch footballer and manager (born 1951)

Eddie Van Halen, Dutch-American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (born 1955)

Johnny Nash, American singer-songwriter (born 1940)

Ginger Baker, English drummer (born 1939)

Eddie Lumsden, Australian rugby league player (born 1936)

Rip Taylor, American actor and comedian (born 1931)

Scott Wilson, American actor (born 1942)

Montserrat Caballé, Spanish soprano (born 1933)

Ralphie May, American stand-up comedian and actor (born 1972)

David Marks, British architect, designer of the London Eye (born 1952)

Árpád Göncz, Hungarian author, playwright, and politician, 1st President of Hungary (born 1922)

Vladimir Shlapentokh, Ukrainian-American sociologist, historian, political scientist, and academic (born 1926)

Juan Vicente Ugarte del Pino, Peruvian historian, lawyer, and jurist (born 1923)

Vic Braden, American tennis player and coach (born 1929)

Igor Mitoraj, German-Polish sculptor (born 1944)

Diane Nyland, Canadian actress, director and choreographer (born 1944)

Marian Seldes, American actress (born 1928)

Serhiy Zakarlyuka, Ukrainian footballer and manager (born 1976)

Feridun Buğeker, Turkish football player (born 1933)

Ulysses Curtis, American-Canadian football player and coach (born 1926)

Rift Fournier, American screenwriter and producer (born 1936)

Paul Rogers, English actor (born 1917)

Nico van Kampen, Dutch physicist and academic (born 1921)

Chadli Bendjedid, Algerian colonel and politician, 3rd President of Algeria (born 1929)

Anthony John Cooke, English organist and composer (born 1931)

Nick Curran, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (born 1977)

Albert, Margrave of Meissen (born 1943)

Joseph Meyer, American lawyer and politician, 19th Secretary of State of Wyoming (born 1941)

B. Satya Narayan Reddy, Indian lawyer and politician, 19th Governor of West Bengal (born 1927)

J. J. C. Smart, English-Australian philosopher and academic (born 1920)

Diane Cilento, Australian actress and author (born 1932)

Rhys Isaac, South-African-Australian historian and author (born 1937)

Antonie Kamerling, Dutch television and film actor, and musician (born 1966)

Douglas Campbell, Scottish-Canadian actor and screenwriter (born 1922)

Peter Cox, Australian public servant and politician (born 1925)

Babasaheb Bhosale, Indian lawyer and politician, 8th Chief Minister of Maharashtra (born 1921)

Laxmi Mall Singhvi, Indian scholar, jurist, and politician (born 1931)

Bertha Brouwer, Dutch sprinter (born 1930)

Eduardo Mignogna, Argentinian director and screenwriter (born 1940)

Buck O'Neil, American baseball player and manager (born 1911)

Wilson Tucker, American author and critic (born 1914)

Prince Claus of the Netherlands (born 1926)

Arne Harris, American director and producer (born 1934)

Richard Farnsworth, American actor and stuntman (born 1920)

Amália Rodrigues, Portuguese singer and actress (born 1920)

Gorilla Monsoon, American wrestler and sportscaster (born 1937)

Mark Belanger, American baseball player (born 1944)

Johnny Vander Meer, American baseball player and manager (born 1914)

Benoît Chamoux, French mountaineer (born 1961)

Nejat Eczacıbaşı, Turkish chemist, businessman, and philanthropist, founded Eczacıbaşı (born 1913)

Larry Walters, American truck driver and pilot (born 1949)

Denholm Elliott, English actor (born 1922)

Bill O'Reilly, Australian cricketer and sportscaster (born 1905)

Igor Talkov, Russian singer-songwriter (born 1956)

Bahriye Üçok, Turkish sociologist and politician (born 1919)

Bette Davis, American actress (born 1908)

Alexander Kronrod, Russian mathematician and computer scientist (born 1921)

Nelson Riddle, American composer, conductor, and bandleader (born 1921)

Terence Cooke, American cardinal (born 1921)

Anwar Sadat, Egyptian colonel and politician, 3rd President of Egypt, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918)

Hattie Jacques, English actress and producer (born 1922)

Jean Robic, French cyclist (born 1921)

Elizabeth Bishop, American poet and short-story writer (born 1911)

Johnny O'Keefe, Australian singer-songwriter (born 1935)

Gilbert Ryle, English philosopher and author (born 1900)

Helmut Koinigg, Austrian race car driver (born 1948)

Sidney Blackmer, American actor (born 1895)

François Cevert, French race car driver (born 1944)

Dick Laan, Dutch actor, screenwriter, and author (born 1894)

Dennis Price, English actor (born 1915)

Margaret Wilson, American missionary and author (born 1882)

Cléo de Verberena, Brazilian actress and film director (born c. 1909)

Walter Hagen, American golfer (born 1892)

Otto Steinböck, Austrian zoologist (born 1893)

Phyllis Nicolson, English mathematician and physicist (born 1917)

Tod Browning, American actor, director, screenwriter (born 1880)

Bernard Berenson, American historian and author (born 1865)

Will Keith Kellogg, American businessman, founded the Kellogg Company (born 1860)

Otto Fritz Meyerhof, German-American physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1884)

Leevi Madetoja, Finnish composer and critic (born 1887)

Leonardo Conti, German SS officer (born 1900)

Siegmund Glücksmann, German politician (born 1884)

Damat Ferid Pasha, Ottoman politician, 285th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (born 1853)

Auguste Beernaert, Belgian politician, 14th Prime Minister of Belgium, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1829)

Alfred, Lord Tennyson, English poet (born 1809)

Charles Stewart Parnell, Irish politician (born 1846)

Dục Đức, Vietnamese emperor (born 1852)

Paweł Strzelecki, Polish-English geologist and explorer (born 1797)

Johannes Jelgerhuis, Dutch painter and actor (born 1770)

Pierre Derbigny, French-American politician, 6th Governor of Louisiana (born 1769)

Charles Emmanuel IV, king of Sardinia (born 1751)

Francesco Manfredini, Italian violinist and composer (born 1684)

Christopher Monck, 2nd Duke of Albemarle, English soldier and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica (born 1652)

Guru Har Rai, Indian 7th Sikh guru (born 1630)

Paul Scarron, French poet and author (born 1610)

Elisabeth of France, queen of Spain and Portugal (born 1602)

Matthijs Quast, Dutch explorer

Wolrad IV, Count of Waldeck-Eisenberg (born 1588)

William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count (born 1487)

Şehzade Mustafa, Ottoman prince (born 1515)

William Tyndale, English Protestant Bible translator (born c. 1494)

Dawit I, ruler (Emperor) of Ethiopia (born 1382)

Chŏng Tojŏn, Korean prime minister (born 1342)

Joan II of Navarre, daughter of Louis X of France (born 1312)

Engelbert III, margrave of Istria

Baldwin, archbishop of Pisa

Bruno of Cologne, German monk, founded the Carthusian Order

Adalbero, bishop of Würzburg

Frederick of Luxembourg, count of Moselgau (born 965)

Samuel, tsar of the Bulgarian Empire

Minamoto no Mitsunaka, Japanese samurai (born 912)

Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor (born 823)

Ermentrude of Orléans, Frankish queen (born 823)

Nicetas the Patrician, Byzantine general

Aelia Eudoxia, Byzantine empress

Wang Mang, emperor of the Xin Dynasty