October 16 in History

Storm Ophelia strikes the U.K. and Ireland causing major damage and power loss.

Lao Airlines Flight 301 crashes on approach to Pakse International Airport in Laos, killing 49 people.

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina opens in Egypt, commemorating the ancient library of Alexandria.

The magnitude 7.1 Hector Mine earthquake strikes Southern California

Former Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet is arrested in London on a murder extradition warrant.

Eighty-four football fans die and 180 are injured in a massive crush at a match in Guatemala City.

The Million Man March takes place in Washington, D.C. About 837,000 attend.

The Skye Bridge in Scotland is opened.

George Hennard runs amok in Killeen, Texas, killing 23 and wounding 20.

Desmond Tutu is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Cardinal Karol Wojtyła is elected to the papacy as Pope John Paul II, he becomes the first non-Italian pontiff since 1523.

Indonesian troops kill the Balibo Five, a group of Australian journalists, in Portuguese Timor.

Three-year-old Rahima Banu, from Bangladesh, is the last known case of naturally occurring smallpox.

The Australian Coalition sparks a constitutional crisis when they vote to defer funding for the government's annual budget.

Henry Kissinger and Lê Đức Thọ are awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invokes the War Measures Act during the October Crisis.

Tommie Smith and John Carlos are ejected from the US Olympic team for participating in the Olympics Black Power salute.

Kingston, Jamaica is rocked by the Rodney riots, inspired by the barring of Walter Rodney from the country.

Yasunari Kawabata becomes the first Japanese person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

China detonates its first nuclear weapon.

Leonid Brezhnev becomes leader of the Soviet Communist Party, while Alexei Kosygin becomes the head of government.

Cuban Missile Crisis begins: U.S. President John F. Kennedy is informed of photos taken on October 14 by a U-2 showing nuclear missiles (the crisis will last for 13 days starting from this point).

Cuban revolutionary Fidel Castro delivers his "History Will Absolve Me" speech, and is sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment by the Fulgencio Batista government for leading an attack on the Moncada Barracks.

The first Prime Minister of Pakistan, Liaquat Ali Khan, is assassinated in Rawalpindi.

The Greek Communist Party announces a "temporary cease-fire", thus ending the Greek Civil War.

The Philippines takes over the administration of the Turtle Islands and the Mangsee Islands from the United Kingdom.

Nuremberg trials: Ten defendants found guilty by the International Military Tribunal are executed by hanging.

Holocaust in Italy: Raid on the Roman Ghetto.

Holocaust in Poland: The Warsaw Ghetto is established.

World War II: No. 603 Squadron RAF intercepts the first Luftwaffe raid on Britain.

Chinese Communists begin the Long March to escape Nationalist encirclement.

Walt Disney and his brother, Roy, found the Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio, today known as The Walt Disney Company.

Adolf Hitler delivers his first public address at a meeting of the German Workers' Party.

Margaret Sanger opens the first family planning clinic in the United States.

William Howard Taft and Porfirio Díaz hold the first summit between a U.S. and a Mexican president. They narrowly escape assassination.

The Partition of Bengal in India takes place.

A diplomatic incident between the United States and Chile occurred after U.S. sailors were attacked in Valparaíso, nearly leading to war.

The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.

Brigham Young University is founded in Provo, Utah.

The Cardiff Giant, one of the most famous American hoaxes, is "discovered".

Girton College, Cambridge is founded, becoming England's first residential college for women.

Origins of the American Civil War: Abolitionist John Brown and his supporters launch a raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia).

William T. G. Morton administers ether anesthesia during a surgical operation.

William Rowan Hamilton invents quaternions, a three-dimensional system of complex numbers.

Queen's University is founded in the Province of Canada.

Great Trek: Afrikaner voortrekkers repulse a Matabele attack, but lose their livestock.

Much of the ancient structure of the Palace of Westminster in London burns to the ground.

Italian explorer and archaeologist Giovanni Belzoni, uncovered the Tomb of Seti I in the Valley of the Kings.

Simón Bolívar sentences Manuel Piar to death for challenging the racial-caste in Venezuela.

The Sixth Coalition attacks Napoleon in the four-day Battle of Leipzig.

War of the Third Coalition: Napoleon surrounds the Austrian army at Ulm.

French Revolution: Queen Marie Antoinette is executed.

War of the First Coalition: French victory at the Battle of Wattignies forces Austria to raise the siege of Maubeuge.

American Revolutionary War: The British-led Royalton raid is the last Native American raid on New England.

The Great Hurricane of 1780 finishes after its sixth day, killing between 20,000 and 24,000 residents of the Lesser Antilles.

Mathematician William Whiston's predicted comet fails to strike the Earth.

Prince Gesualdo of Venosa murders his wife and her lover.

Jadwiga is crowned King of Poland, although she is a woman.

The Council of Vienne convenes for the first time.

King Otto I defeats a Slavic revolt in what is now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Abd ar-Rahman III becomes the eighth Emir of Córdoba.

Empress Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire.

Ricimer defeats Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the Western Roman Empire.

Scott Ogden, British motorcycle racer

Willian Pacho, Ecuadorian footballer

Aaron Nesmith, American basketball player

Nicolò Bulega, Italian motorcycle racer

Aliou Dieng, Malian footballer

Charles Leclerc, Monégasque racing driver

Naomi Osaka, Japanese tennis player

Toprak Razgatlıoğlu, Turkish motorcycle racer

Andrea Locatelli, Italian motorcycle racer

Adam Elliott, Australian rugby league player

Halimah Nakaayi, Ugandan middle-distance runner

Jovit Baldivino, Filipino singer and actor (died 2022)

Caroline Garcia, French tennis player

Kostas Fortounis, Greek footballer

Viktorija Golubic, Swiss tennis player

Bryce Harper, American baseball player

Jonathan Schoop, Curaçaoan baseball player

Shardul Thakur, Indian cricketer

Dan Biggar, Welsh rugby player

Zoltán Stieber, Hungarian footballer

Nicky Adams, English-Welsh footballer

Franco Armani, Argentine footballer

Derk Boerrigter, Dutch footballer

Inna, Romanian singer

Jay Beagle, Canadian ice hockey player

Alexis Hornbuckle, American basketball player

Verena Sailer, German sprinter

Casey Stoner, Australian motorcycle racer

Peter Wallace, Australian rugby league player

François Pervis, French track cyclist

Rachel Reilly, American talk show host and actress

Philipp Kohlschreiber, German tennis player

Loreen, Swedish singer

Kenny Omega, Canadian wrestler

Alan Anderson, American basketball player

Frédéric Michalak, French rugby player

Cristian Riveros, Paraguayan footballer

Prithviraj Sukumaran, Indian actor, singer, and producer

Brea Grant, American actress and writer

Martin Halle, Danish footballer

Boyd Melson, American boxer

Anthony Reyes, American baseball player

Sue Bird, Israeli-American basketball player

Jeremy Jackson, American actor and singer

Caterina Scorsone, Canadian-American actress

Timana Tahu, Australian rugby league player

John Mayer, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Björn Yttling, Swedish singer-songwriter, musician, producer and member of Peter, Bjorn and John

Ernesto Noel Aquino, Honduran footballer

Brynjar Gunnarsson, Icelandic footballer

Jacques Kallis, South African cricketer

Kellie Martin, American actress, director, and producer

Aurela Gaçe, Albanian singer

Paul Kariya, Canadian ice hockey player

Justin Credible, American wrestler

David Unsworth, English footballer and manager

Adrianne Frost, American comedian, actress, and author

Darius Kasparaitis, Lithuanian-American ice hockey player and coach

Kordell Stewart, American football player and radio host

Frank Cuesta, Spanish television presenter

Chad Gray, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Paul Sparks, American actor

Kazuyuki Fujita, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist

Mehmet Scholl, German footballer and manager

Roy Hargrove, American trumpet player and composer (died 2018)

Takao Omori, Japanese wrestler

Terri J. Vaughn, American actress and producer

Wendy Wilson, American singer-songwriter

Randall Batinkoff, American actor and producer

Mark Lee, Singaporean actor and singer

Francesco Libetta, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor

Todd Stashwick, American actor and writer

Elsa Zylberstein, French actress

Michael Laffy, Australian footballer

Davina McCall, English television host and actress

Olof Lundh, Swedish journalist

Mary Elizabeth McGlynn, American voice actress, singer, and director

Kang Kyung-ok, South Korean illustrator

German Titov, Russian ice hockey player and coach

Tom Tolbert, American basketball player and sportscaster

Shawn Little, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 2012)

James Thompson, American-Finnish author (died 2014)

Brendan Kibble, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist

Timothy Leighton, English physicist and academic

Manute Bol, Sudanese-American basketball player and activist (died 2010)

Flea, Australian-American bass player, songwriter, and actor

Dmitri Hvorostovsky, Russian opera singer (died 2017)

Nico Lazaridis, German footballer

Tamara McKinney, American skier

Chris Doleman, American football player (died 2020)

Marc Levy, French author

Scott O'Hara, American pornographic performer, author, poet, editor and publisher (died 1998)

Randy Vasquez, American actor, director, and producer

Guy LeBlanc, Canadian keyboard player and songwriter (died 2015)

Bob Mould, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Kevin Brennan, Welsh journalist and politician

Brian Harper, American baseball player

Gary Kemp, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor

Philip Maini, Northern Irish mathematician at the University of Oxford

Tessa Munt, English lawyer and politician

Jamie Salmon, English-New Zealand rugby player and sportscaster

Erkki-Sven Tüür, Estonian flute player and composer

John Whittingdale, English politician

Roy McDonough, English footballer and manager

Tim Robbins, American actor, director, and screenwriter

Priidu Beier, Estonian poet and educator

Marin Alsop, American violinist and conductor

John Chavis, American football player and coach

Meg Rosoff, American-English author

Rudra Mohammad Shahidullah, Bangladeshi poet, author, and playwright (died 1992)

Kieran Doherty, Irish Republican and politician, died on hunger strike (died 1981)

Ellen Dolan, American actress

Lorenzo Carcaterra, American author and blogger

Michael Forsyth, Baron Forsyth of Drumlean, Scottish politician, Secretary of State for Scotland

Serafino Ghizzoni, Italian rugby player

Corinna Harfouch, German actress

Tony Carey, American keyboard player, songwriter, and producer

Paulo Roberto Falcão, Brazilian footballer and manager

K. S. Kugathasan, Sri Lankan politician

Brinsley Forde, British singer and actor

Christopher Cox, American lawyer and politician

Cordell Mosson, American bass player (died 2013)

Crazy Mohan, Indian actor, screenwriter, and playwright (died 2019)

Glenys Thornton, Baroness Thornton, English politician

Angry Grandpa, American internet personality (died 2017)

Károly Horváth, Romanian-Hungarian cellist, flute player, and composer (died 2015)

Alison Chitty, English production designer and costume designer

Bruce Fleisher, American golfer (died 2021)

Hema Malini, Indian actress, director, producer, and politician

Leo Mazzone, American baseball player and coach

Nicholas Day, English actor

Terry Griffiths, Welsh snooker player and coach (died 2024)

Bob Weir, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2026)

David Zucker, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Geoff Barnett, English footballer (died 2021)

Suzanne Somers, American actress and producer (died 2023)

Stefan Buczacki, English horticulturalist, botanist, and television host

Roger Hawkins, American session drummer (died 2021)

Paul Monette, American author and poet (died 1995)

Kaizer Motaung, South African footballer and manager

Elizabeth Loftus, American psychologist

Fred Turner, Canadian singer-songwriter and bass player

Mel Counts, American basketball player

Tim McCarver, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 2023)

Emma Nicholson, Baroness Nicholson of Winterbourne, English computer programmer and politician

Barry Corbin, American actor and producer

Dave DeBusschere, American basketball player and coach (died 2003)

Ivan Della Mea, Italian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and journalist (died 2009)

Carl Gunter, Jr., American politician (died 1999)

Nico, German singer-songwriter, model, and actress (died 1988)

Emile Ford, Saint Lucia-born British singer and first Black British musician to sell over one million copies of a single (died 2016)

Peter Bowles, English actor and screenwriter (died 2022)

Andrei Chikatilo, Ukrainian-Russian serial killer (died 1994)

Mladen Koščak, Croatian footballer (died 1997)

Akira Machida, Japanese lawyer and judge, 15th Chief Justice of Japan (died 2015)

Peter Ashdown, English race car driver

Nobuyo Ōyama, Japanese voice actress (died 2024)

John Grant, English journalist and politician (died 2000)

Henry Lewis, American bassist and conductor (died 1996)

Lucien Paiement, Canadian physician and politician (died 2013)

Charles Colson, American lawyer and politician (died 2012)

Valery Klimov, Ukrainian-Russian violinist and educator (died 2022)

P. W. Underwood, American football player and coach (died 2013)

John Polkinghorne, English physicist, theologian and priest (died 2021)

Carmen Sevilla, Spanish actress (died 2023)

Fernanda Montenegro, Brazilian actress

Mary Daly, American philosopher and theologian (died 2010)

Ann Morgan Guilbert, American actress (died 2016)

Günter Grass, German novelist, poet, playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2015)

Rosa Rosal, Filipino actress

Charles Dolan, American businessman, founded Cablevision and HBO (died 2024)

Ed Valigursky, American illustrator (died 2009)

Daniel J. Evans, American politician, 16th Governor of Washington (died 2024)

Angela Lansbury, English-American actress, singer, and producer (died 2022)

Gerard Parkes, Irish-Canadian actor (died 2014)

Linda Darnell, American actress (died 1965)

Bert Kaempfert, German conductor and composer (died 1980)

Bill McLaren, Scottish rugby player and sportscaster (died 2010)

Max Bygraves, English-Australian actor and singer (died 2012)

Leon Sullivan, American minister and activist (died 2001)

Matt Batts, American baseball player and coach (died 2013)

Sita Ram Goel, Indian historian, publisher and writer (died 2003)

MacKenzie Miller, American horse trainer and breeder (died 2010)

Paddy Finucane, Irish fighter pilot and flying ace (died 1942)

Kathleen Winsor, American journalist and author (died 2003)

Louis Althusser, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (died 1990)

Abraham Nemeth, American mathematician and academic (died 2013)

Tony Rolt, English race car driver and engineer (died 2008)

Clifford Hansen, American rancher and politician, 26th Governor of Wyoming (died 2009)

Otto von Bülow, German commander (died 2006)

Olivia Coolidge, English-American author and educator (died 2006)

Enver Hoxha, Albanian general and politician, Prime Minister of Albania (died 1985)

Richard Titmuss, English sociologist and academic (died 1973)

León Klimovsky, Argentinian actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1996)

Ernst Kuzorra, German footballer and manager (died 1990)

Björn Berglund, Swedish actor (died 1968)

Cecile de Brunhoff, French author and pianist (died 2003)

Big Joe Williams, American Delta blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1982)

Edward Ardizzone, Vietnamese-English author and illustrator (died 1979)

Primo Conti, Italian painter and poet (died 1988)

Goose Goslin, American baseball player and manager (died 1971)

William O. Douglas, American lawyer and jurist (died 1980)

Louis de Cazenave, French soldier (died 2008)

Michael Collins, Irish general and politician, 2nd Irish Minister for Finance (died 1922)

Maria Goretti, Italian martyr and saint (died 1902)

Paul Strand, American photographer and director (died 1975)

Eugene O'Neill, American playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1953)

Paul Popenoe, American founder of relationship counseling (died 1979)

David Ben-Gurion, Polish-Israeli soldier and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Israel (died 1973)

Rembrandt Bugatti, Italian sculptor (died 1916)

William Orthwein, American swimmer and water polo player (died 1955)

Jimmy Sinclair, South African cricketer and rugby player (died 1913)

Juho Kekkonen, Finnish forestry manager and tenant farmer (died 1928)

Walter Buckmaster, English polo player and businessman, co-founded Buckmaster & Moore (died 1942)

Claude H. Van Tyne, American historian and author (died 1930)

Mario Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Poggio Suasa (died 1963)

Austen Chamberlain, English businessman and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1937)

J. B. Bury, Irish historian and scholar (died 1927)

Richard Sears, American tennis player (died 1943)

Samad bey Mehmandarov, Azerbaijani general and politician, 3rd Azerbaijani Minister of Defense (died 1931)

Karl Kautsky, Czech-German journalist, philosopher, and theologian (died 1938)

Oscar Wilde, Irish playwright, novelist, and poet (died 1900)

Carl von In der Maur, Governor of Liechtenstein (died 1913)

Maria Pia of Savoy, Queen Consort of Luis I of Portugal (died 1911)

Itō Hirobumi, Japanese lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Japan (died 1909)

Kuroda Kiyotaka, Japanese general and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Japan (died 1900)

Vicente Riva Palacio, Mexican liberal intellectual, novelist (died 1896)

Lucy Stanton, American activist (died 1910)

Arnold Böcklin, Swiss painter (died 1901)

Austin F. Pike, American lawyer and politician (died 1886)

William Forster, Indian-Australian politician, 4th Premier of New South Wales (died 1882)

Francis Lubbock, American colonel and politician, 9th Governor of Texas (died 1905)

William P. Fessenden, American lawyer and politician, 26th United States Secretary of the Treasury (died 1869)

Benjamin Russell, American painter and educator (died 1885)

Robert Stephenson, English railway and civil engineer (died 1859)

Isaac Murphy, American educator and politician, 8th Governor of Arkansas (died 1882)

William Buell Sprague, American minister, historian, and author (died 1876)

William Burton, American physician and politician, 39th Governor of Delaware (died 1866)

Paul Hamilton, American soldier and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of the Navy (died 1816)

Noah Webster, American lexicographer (died 1843)

Morgan Lewis, American general, lawyer, and politician, 3rd Governor of New York (died 1844)

Johann Gottfried Eichhorn, German theologian and academic (died 1827)

Pierre van Maldere, Belgian violinist and composer (died 1768)

Daniel Chodowiecki, Polish-German painter and educator (died 1801)

Giovanni Arduino, Italian geologist and academic (died 1795)

András Hadik, Austrian-Hungarian field marshal (died 1790)

Jan Dismas Zelenka, Czech viol player and composer (died 1745)

Anna Waser, Swiss painter (died 1714)

Pierre Paul Puget, French painter and sculptor (died 1694)

Charles Coypeau d'Assoucy, French writer and composer (died 1677)

Luke Wadding, Irish Franciscan friar and historian (died 1657)

Niwa Nagahide, Japanese samurai (died 1585)

Gasparo Contarini, Italian cardinal and diplomat (died 1542)

James II of Scotland (died 1460)

William de la Pole, 1st Duke of Suffolk, English admiral (died 1450)

Gian Galeazzo Visconti, first Duke of Milan (died 1402)

Ollie Olsen, Australian musician, composer and sound designer (born 1958)

Liam Payne, English singer-songwriter from One Direction (born 1993)

Yahya Sinwar, leader of Hamas (born 1962)

Martti Ahtisaari, former President of Finland and Nobel Prize laureate (born 1937)

Daphne Caruana Galizia, Maltese journalist and blogger (born 1964)

Roy Dotrice, British actor (born 1923)

John Dunsworth, Canadian actor (born 1946)

Sean Hughes, British-born Irish stand-up comedian (born 1965)

Calvin Carl "Kelly" Gotlieb, Canadian professor and computer scientist (born 1921)

Richard J. Cardamone, American lawyer and judge (born 1925)

James W. Fowler, American psychologist and academic (born 1940)

William James, Australian general and physician (born 1930)

Vera Williams, American author and illustrator (born 1927)

Memduh Ün, Turkish film producer, director, actor and screenwriter (born 1920)

Ioannis Charalambopoulos, Greek colonel and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (born 1919)

Allen Forte, American musicologist and theorist (born 1926)

Seppo Kuusela, Finnish basketball player and coach (born 1934)

John Spencer-Churchill, 11th Duke of Marlborough, English businessman (born 1926)

Govind Purushottam Deshpande, Indian playwright and academic (born 1938)

George Hourmouziadis, Greek archaeologist and academic (born 1932)

Ed Lauter, American actor (born 1938)

Laurel Martyn, Australian ballerina and choreographer (born 1916)

Robert B. Rheault, American colonel (born 1925)

Saggy Tahir, Pakistani-American lawyer and politician (born 1944)

Frank Moore Cross, American scholar and academic (born 1921)

John A. Durkin, American lawyer and politician (born 1936)

Mario Gallegos, Jr., American firefighter and politician (born 1950)

Bódog Török, Hungarian handball player and coach (born 1923)

Eddie Yost, American baseball player and coach (born 1926)

Dan Wheldon, English race car driver (born 1978)

Eyedea, American rapper and producer (born 1981)

Barbara Billingsley, American actress (born 1915)

Dagmar Normet, Estonian author and translator (born 1921)

Deborah Kerr, Scottish actress (born 1921)

Toše Proeski, Macedonian singer-songwriter (born 1981)

John Victor Murra, Ukrainian-American anthropologist and academic (born 1916)

Valentín Paniagua, Peruvian lawyer and politician, 91st President of Peru (born 1936)

Pierre Salinger, American journalist and politician, 11th White House Press Secretary (born 1925)

Avni Arbaş, Turkish painter (born 1919)

Stu Hart, Canadian wrestler and trainer (born 1915)

László Papp, Hungarian boxer (born 1926)

Etta Jones, American singer-songwriter (born 1928)

Mel Carnahan, American lieutenant, lawyer, and politician, 51st Governor of Missouri (born 1934)

Rick Jason, American actor (born 1923)

Jean Shepherd, American radio host, actor, and screenwriter (born 1921)

Jon Postel, American computer scientist and academic (born 1943)

Audra Lindley, American actress (born 1918)

James A. Michener, American author and philanthropist (born 1907)

Jason Bernard, American actor (born 1938)

Eric Malpass, English author (born 1910)

Shirley Booth, American actress and singer (born 1898)

Art Blakey, American drummer and bandleader (born 1919)

Jorge Bolet, Cuban-American pianist and educator (born 1914)

Walter Farley, American author and educator (born 1915)

Scott O'Dell, American journalist and author (born 1898)

Cornel Wilde, American actor (born 1912)

Arthur Grumiaux, Belgian violinist and pianist (born 1921)

Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer and conductor (born 1895)

Mario Del Monaco, Italian tenor (born 1915)

Moshe Dayan, Israeli general and politician, 5th Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel (born 1915)

Eugene Eisenmann, Panamanian-American lawyer and ornithologist (born 1906)

Johan Borgen, Norwegian author and critic (born 1903)

Dan Dailey, American actor, singer, dancer, and director (born 1913)

Vittorio Gui, Italian conductor and composer (born 1885)

Gene Krupa, American drummer, composer, and actor (born 1909)

Nick Begich, American lawyer and politician (born 1932)

Hale Boggs, American lawyer and politician (born 1914)

Leo G. Carroll, English-American actor (born 1886)

Robin Boyd, Australian architect and educator, designed the Domain Park Flats (born 1919)

Ellis Kinder, American baseball player (born 1914)

George O'Hara, American actor and screenwriter (born 1899)

Patsy Callighen, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1906)

Gaston Bachelard, French poet and philosopher (born 1884)

Minor Hall, American drummer (born 1897)

George Marshall, American general and politician, 3rd United States Secretary of Defense, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1880)

Robert Redfield, American anthropologist of Mexico (born 1897)

John Anthony Sydney Ritson, English rugby player, mines inspector, engineer and educator (born 1887)

Jules Rimet, French businessman (born 1873)

Liaquat Ali Khan, Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Pakistan (born 1895)

Anna B. Eckstein, German peace activist (born 1868)

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Nuremberg trial executions of the Main Trial:

Jean de Brunhoff, French poet and playwright (born 1899)

Effie Adelaide Rowlands, British writer (born 1859)

Ralph Rose, American shot putter, discus, and hammer thrower (born 1885)

Jakub Bart-Ćišinski, German poet and playwright (born 1856)

Joseph Leycester Lyne, English monk (born 1837)

Haritina Korotkevich, Russian heroine (born 1882)

John Wentworth, American journalist and politician, 19th Mayor of Chicago (born 1815)

Théodore Barrière, French playwright (born 1823)

Eva Marie Veigel, Austrian-English dancer (born 1724)

Nachman of Breslov, Ukrainian religious leader, founded the Breslov Hasidic group (born 1772)

Veerapandiya Kattabomman Indian activist (born 1760)

Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia (born 1726)

Marie Antoinette, Austrian-born queen consort of Louis XVI of France (born 1755)

John Hunter, Scottish-English surgeon and philosopher (born 1728)

Grigory Potemkin, Russian general and politician (born 1739)

Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (born 1750)

Gerard Majella, Italian saint (born 1725)

Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German lute player and composer (born 1687)

Antoine Laumet de La Mothe, sieur de Cadillac, French-American explorer and politician, 3rd French Governor of Louisiana (born 1658)

Nevşehirli Damat Ibrahim Pasha, Greek politician, 139th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (born 1666)

Raimondo Montecuccoli, Italian-Austrian field marshal (born 1609)

Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery, Irish-English soldier and politician (born 1621)

John Cook, English politician, Solicitor General for England and Wales (born 1608)

Joseph Solomon Delmedigo, Italian physician, mathematician, and theorist (born 1591)

Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter and illustrator (born 1621)

Johann Rudolf Stadler, Swiss clock-maker (born 1605)

François de Malherbe, French poet and critic (born 1555)

Jan Pieterszoon Sweelinck, Dutch organist and composer (born 1562)

William Allen, English cardinal (born 1532)

Gregory XIV, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1535)

Hugh Latimer, English bishop and saint (born 1487)

Nicholas Ridley, English bishop and martyr (born 1500)

Lucas Cranach the Elder, German painter and engraver (born 1472)

Luca Signorelli, Italian painter (born c.1450)

Anne of Gloucester, English noblewoman (born 1383)

Louis the Child, king of Sicily (born 1338)

Nicholas V, antipope of Rome (born 1260)

Amadeus V, count of Savoy (born 1249)

Shams al-Din Juvayni, Persian statesman, vizier and minister of finance of the Ilkhanate

Pedro González de Lara, Castilian magnate

Fujiwara no Kenshi, Japanese empress (born 994)

Al-Hakam II, Umayyad caliph (born 915)

Lullus, archbishop of Mainz (born 710)

Fu Jian, Chinese emperor (born 337)