June 2 in History

A collision between two passenger trains and a parked freight train near the city of Balasor, Odisha in eastern India, results in 296 deaths and more than 1,200 people injured.

Following a request from Ankara, the United Nations officially changes the name of the Republic of Turkey in the organization from what was previously known as "Turkey" to "Türkiye".

Telangana officially becomes the 29th state of India, formed from ten districts of northwestern Andhra Pradesh.

Former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak is sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in the killing of demonstrators during the 2011 Egyptian revolution.

Twelve people are killed and eleven others injured in a spree shooting in Cumbria, England, before the perpetrator takes his own life.

Europe launches its first voyage to another planet, Mars. The European Space Agency's Mars Express probe launches from the Baikonur space center in Kazakhstan.

Space Shuttle Discovery is launched on STS-91, the final mission of the Shuttle-Mir program.

In Denver, Timothy McVeigh is convicted on 11 counts of murder and conspiracy for his role in the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, in which 168 people died. He was executed four years later.

The Lower Ohio Valley tornado outbreak spawns 66 confirmed tornadoes in Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, killing 12.

After an emergency landing because of an in-flight fire, twenty-three passengers aboard Air Canada Flight 797 are killed when a flashover occurs as the plane's doors open. Because of this incident, numerous new safety regulations are put in place.

Pope John Paul II starts his first official visit to his native Poland, becoming the first Pope to visit a Communist country.

Luis Monge is executed in Colorado's gas chamber, in the last pre-Furman execution in the United States.

Protests in West Berlin against the arrival of the Shah of Iran are brutally suppressed, during which Benno Ohnesorg is killed by a police officer. His death results in the founding of the terrorist group 2 June Movement.

Surveyor program: Surveyor 1 lands in Oceanus Procellarum on the Moon, becoming the first U.S. spacecraft to soft-land on another world.

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is formed.

During the FIFA World Cup, police intervene multiple times in fights between Chilean and Italian players in one of the most violent games in football history.

Aeronaves de México Flight 111 crashes on approach to Guadalajara International Airport, killing 45.

The USSR and Yugoslavia sign the Belgrade declaration and thus normalize relations between the two countries, discontinued since 1948.

The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II at Westminster Abbey becomes the first British coronation, and one of the first major international events, to be televised.

Birth of the Italian Republic: In a referendum, Italians vote to turn Italy from a monarchy into a Republic. After the referendum, King Umberto II of Italy is exiled.

World War II: German paratroopers murder Greek civilians in the villages of Kondomari and Alikianos.

U.S. President Calvin Coolidge signs the Indian Citizenship Act into law, granting citizenship to all Native Americans born within the territorial limits of the United States.

Anarchists simultaneously set off bombs in eight separate U.S. cities.

Charles Rolls, a co-founder of Rolls-Royce Limited, becomes the first man to make a non-stop double crossing of the English Channel by plane.

Alfred Deakin becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.

Guglielmo Marconi applies for a patent for his wireless telegraph.

Nobiling assassination attempt by anarchist Karl Nobiling targeting the German Kaiser, Wilhelm I.

The Fenians defeat Canadian forces at Ridgeway and Fort Erie, but the raids end soon after.

The Slavic Congress opens in Prague.

Napoleonic Wars: A Franco-Spanish fleet recaptures from the British the island of Diamond Rock, which guards the entrance to the bay leading to Fort-de-France, Martinique.

French Revolution: François Hanriot, leader of the Parisian National Guard, arrests 22 Girondists selected by Jean-Paul Marat, setting the stage for the Reign of Terror.

The anti-Catholic Gordon Riots in London leave an estimated 300 to 700 people dead.

Intolerable Acts: The Quartering Act of 1774 is enacted, allowing a governor in colonial America to house British soldiers in uninhabited houses, outhouses, barns, or other buildings if suitable quarters are not provided.

Pontiac's Rebellion: At what is now Mackinaw City, Michigan, Chippewas capture Fort Michilimackinac by diverting the garrison's attention with a game of lacrosse, then chasing a ball into the fort.

Bridget Bishop is the first person to be tried for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts; she is found guilty the same day and hanged on June 10.

Franco-Dutch War: France ensures the supremacy of its naval fleet for the remainder of the war with its victory in the Battle of Palermo.

The first Récollet missionaries arrive at Quebec City, from Rouen, France.

The Colony of Virginia gets a charter, extending borders from "sea to sea".

Wedding of Manfred, King of Sicily, and Byzantine princess Helena Angelina Doukaina.

First Crusade: The first Siege of Antioch ends as Crusader forces take the city; the second siege began five days later.

Pope Benedict I is consecrated after obtaining imperial approval from Constantinople.

Sack of Rome: Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks.

Sima Zhao's regicide of Cao Mao: The figurehead Wei emperor Cao Mao personally leads an attempt to oust his regent, Sima Zhao; the attempted coup is crushed and the emperor killed.

Madison Hu, American actress

Fonua Pole, New Zealand rugby league player

Kysaiah Pickett, Australian rules footballer

Jay Idzes, Indonesian footballer

Campbell Graham, Australian rugby league player

Scott Wozniak, American YouTuber

Morissette, Filipina singer-songwriter

Adam Taggart, Australian footballer

Pajtim Kasami, Swiss footballer

Dane Rampe, Australian rules footballer

Steve Smith, Australian cricketer

Sergio Agüero, Argentine footballer

Awkwafina, American actress, rapper, and comedian

Staniliya Stamenova, Bulgarian canoeist

Clayton Bartolo, Maltese politician

Maryka Holtzhausen, South African netball player

Yoann Huget, French rugby player

Matthew Koma, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Angelo Mathews, Sri Lankan cricketer

Sonakshi Sinha, Indian actress

Todd Carney, Australian rugby league player

Rhett Bomar, American football player

Miyuki Sawashiro, Japanese voice actress and singer

Jack Afamasaga, New Zealand rugby league player

Feleti Mateo, Australian-Tongan rugby league player

Chris Higgins, American ice hockey player

Toni Livers, Swiss skier

Jewel Staite, Canadian actress

Nikolay Davydenko, Russian tennis player

Chin-hui Tsao, Taiwanese baseball player

Fabrizio Moretti, Brazilian-American drummer

Bobby Simmons, American basketball player

Richard Skuse, English rugby player

Abby Wambach, American soccer player and coach

Tomasz Wróblewski, Polish bass player and songwriter

Morena Baccarin, Brazilian-American actress

Butterfly Boucher, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Dominic Cooper, English actor

Nikki Cox, American actress

Yi So-yeon, biotechnologist and astronaut, the first Korean in space

Justin Long, American actor

Teet Allas, Estonian footballer

A.J. Styles, American wrestler

Zachary Quinto, American actor and producer

Earl Boykins, American basketball player

Martin Čech, Czech ice hockey player (died 2007)

Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira, Brazilian mixed martial artist and boxer

Tim Rice-Oxley, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player

Salvatore Scibona, American author

Gata Kamsky, Russian-American chess player

Matt Serra, American mixed martial artist

Marko Kristal, Estonian footballer and manager

Neifi Pérez, Dominican-American baseball player

Wayne Brady, American actor, comedian, game show host, and singer

Raúl Ibañez, American baseball player

Wentworth Miller, American actor and screenwriter

Kateřina Jacques, Czech translator and politician

B Real, American rapper and actor

Kurt Abbott, American baseball player

Paulo Sérgio, Brazilian footballer

David Wheaton, American tennis player, radio host, and author

Merril Bainbridge, Australian singer-songwriter

Andy Cohen, American television host

Lester Green, American comedian and actor

Remigija Nazarovienė, Lithuanian heptathlete and coach

Mike Stanton, American baseball player

Nadhim Zahawi, British politician

Dayana Cadeau, Haitian born Canadian-American professional bodybuilder

Candace Gingrich, American activist

Pedro Guerra, Spanish singer-songwriter

Catherine King, Australian politician

Petra van Staveren, Dutch swimmer

Mark Waugh, Australian cricketer and journalist

Steve Waugh, Australian cricketer

Caroline Link, German director and screenwriter

Anand Abhyankar, Indian actor (died 2012)

Mark Plaatjes, South African-American runner and coach

Olga Bondarenko, Russian runner

Tony Hadley, English singer-songwriter and actor

Kyle Petty, American race car driver and sportscaster

Rineke Dijkstra, Dutch photographer

Lydia Lunch, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress

Lex Luger, American wrestler and football player

Mark Lawrenson, English footballer and manager

Jan Lammers, Dutch race car driver

Dana Carvey, American comedian and actor

Nandan Nilekani, Indian businessman, co-founded Infosys

Mani Ratnam, Indian director, producer, and screenwriter

Michael Steele, American singer-songwriter and bass player

Dennis Haysbert, American actor and producer

Vidar Johansen, Norwegian saxophonist

Craig Stadler, American golfer

Cornel West, American philosopher, author, and academic

Gary Bettman, American sports executive, 14th Commissioner of the National Hockey League

Gilbert Baker, American artist, gay rights activist, and designer of the rainbow flag (died 2017)

Arnold Mühren, Dutch footballer and manager

Larry Robinson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Alexander Wylie, Lord Kinclaven, Scottish lawyer, judge, and educator

Joanna Gleason, Canadian actress and singer

Momčilo Vukotić, Serbian footballer and manager (died 2021)

Heather Couper, English astronomer and physicist (died 2020)

Frank Rich, American journalist and critic

Jerry Mathers, American actor

Lasse Hallström, Swedish director, producer, and screenwriter

Peter Sutcliffe, English serial killer (died 2020)

Richard Long, English painter, sculptor, and photographer

Bonnie Newman, American businesswoman and politician

Robert Elliott, American actor (died 2004)

Marvin Hamlisch, American composer and conductor (died 2012)

Ivi Eenmaa, Estonian politician, 36th Mayor of Tallinn

Charles Haid, American actor and director

Crescenzio Sepe, Italian cardinal

Mike Ahern, Australian politician, 32nd Premier of Queensland (died 2023)

Stacy Keach, American actor

Lou Nanne, Canadian-American ice hockey player and manager

Irène Schweizer, Swiss jazz pianist (died 2024)

Charlie Watts, English drummer, songwriter, and producer (died 2021)

Constantine II of Greece (died 2023)

Charles Miller, American musician (died 1980)

John Schlee, American golfer (died 2000)

Kevin Brownlow, English historian and author

George William Penrose, Lord Penrose, Scottish lawyer and judge

Rosalyn Higgins, English lawyer and judge

Sally Kellerman, American actress (died 2022)

Jimmy Jones, American singer-songwriter (died 2012)

Robert Paul, Canadian figure skater and choreographer

Deric Washburn, American screenwriter and playwright

Volodymyr Holubnychy, Ukrainian race walker (died 2021)

Carol Shields, American-Canadian novelist and short story writer (died 2003)

Dimitri Kitsikis, Greek poet and educator (died 2021)

Sasao Gouland, governor of Chuuk State, Micronesia (died 2011)

Lew "Sneaky Pete" Robinson, drag racer (died 1971)

Pete Conrad, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (died 1999)

Norton Juster, American architect, author, and academic (died 2021)

Ken McGregor, Australian tennis player (died 2007)

Erzsi Kovács, Hungarian singer (died 2014)

Ron Reynolds, English footballer (died 1999)

W. Watts Biggers, American author, screenwriter, and animator (died 2013)

Colin Brittan, English footballer (died 2013)

Chiyonoyama Masanobu, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 41st Yokozuna (died 1977)

Milo O'Shea, Irish-American actor (died 2013)

June Callwood, Canadian journalist, author, and activist (died 2007)

Lloyd Shapley, American mathematician and economist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2016)

Juan Antonio Bardem, Spanish director and screenwriter (died 2002)

Charlie Sifford, American professional golfer (died 2015)

Carmen Silvera, Canadian-English actress (died 2002)

Betty Freeman, American photographer and philanthropist (died 2009)

Ernie Royal, American trumpet player (died 1983)

Sigmund Sternberg, Hungarian-English businessman and philanthropist (died 2016)

András Szennay, Hungarian priest (died 2012)

Clair Patterson, American geochemist, determined age of the earth, discovered ubiquitous lead poisoning (died 1995)

Frank G. Clement, American lawyer and politician, 41st Governor of Tennessee (died 1969)

Yolande Donlan, American-English actress (died 2014)

Marcel Reich-Ranicki, Polish-German author and critic (died 2013)

Tex Schramm, American businessman (died 2003)

Johnny Speight, English screenwriter and producer (died 1998)

Ruth Atkinson, Canadian-American illustrator (died 1997)

Kathryn Tucker Windham, American journalist and author (died 2011)

Heinz Sielmann, German photographer and director (died 2006)

Alexandru Nicolschi, Romanian spy (died 1992)

Lester del Rey, American science fiction author (died 1993)

Barbara Pym, English author (died 1980)

Elsie Tu, English-Hong Kong educator and politician (died 2015)

Joe McCluskey, American runner (died 2002)

Hector Dyer, American sprinter (died 1990)

Dorothy West, American journalist and author (died 1998)

John Lehmann, English poet and publisher (died 1987)

Frank Runacres, English painter and educator (died 1974)

Johnny Weissmuller, Hungarian-American swimmer and actor (died 1984)

Lotte Reiniger, German animator and director (died 1981)

Edwin Way Teale, American environmentalist and photographer (died 1980)

Maire Comerford, Irish Republican (died 1982)

Thurman Arnold, American lawyer and judge (died 1969)

Takijirō Ōnishi, Japanese admiral and pilot (died 1945)

Walter Egan, American golfer (died 1971)

Wallace Hartley, English violinist and bandleader (died 1912)

Charles Stewart Mott, American businessman and politician, 50th Mayor of Flint, Michigan (died 1973)

Jack O'Connor, American baseball player and manager (died 1937)

George Lohmann, English cricketer (died 1901)

Adelaide Casely-Hayford, Sierra Leone Creole advocate and activist for cultural nationalism (died 1960)

Felix Weingartner, Croatian-Austrian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1942)

Concordia Selander, Swedish actress and manager (died 1935)

Edward Elgar, English composer and educator (died 1934)

Karl Adolph Gjellerup, Danish author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1919)

Thomas Hardy, English novelist and poet (died 1928)

Émile Munier, French artist (died 1895)

Duchess Alexandra Petrovna of Oldenburg (died 1900)

Pope Pius X (died 1914)

Gédéon Ouimet, Canadian lawyer and politician, 2nd Premier of Quebec (died 1905)

Daniel Pollen, Irish-New Zealand politician, 9th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1896)

William Lawson, English-Australian explorer and politician (died 1850)

John Randolph of Roanoke, American planter and politician, 8th United States Ambassador to Russia (died 1833)

Alessandro Cagliostro, Italian occultist and explorer (died 1795)

Marquis de Sade, French philosopher and politician (died 1814)

Jabez Bowen, American colonel and politician, 45th Deputy Governor of Rhode Island (died 1815)

Martha Washington, First Lady of the United States (died 1802)

William Salmon, English medical writer (died 1713)

Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon (died 1709)

Rutger von Ascheberg, Courland-born soldier in Swedish service (died 1693)

(baptized) Isaac van Ostade, Dutch painter (died 1649)

Rudolf Christian, Count of East Frisia, Ruler of East Frisia (died 1628)

Pope Leo XI (died 1605)

Charles, Duke of Vendôme (died 1537)

Ferdinand I of Naples (died 1494)

Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, ruler of Ilkhanate (died 1335)

Larry Allen, American football player (born 1971)

Rob Burrow, English rugby league footballer (born 1982)

David Levy, Israeli politician (born 1937)

Janis Paige, American actress and singer (born 1922)

Peter Sallis, English actor (born 1921)

Fernando de Araújo, East Timorese politician, President of East Timor (born 1963)

Irwin Rose, American biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1926)

Ivica Brzić, Serbian footballer and manager (born 1941)

Nikolay Khrenkov, Russian bobsledder (born 1984)

Alexander Shulgin, American pharmacologist and chemist (born 1925)

Mario Bernardi, Canadian pianist and conductor (born 1930)

Chen Xitong, Chinese politician, 8th Mayor of Beijing (born 1930)

Mandawuy Yunupingu, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1956)

Adolfo Calero, Nicaraguan businessman and political activist (born 1931)

Richard Dawson, English-American soldier, actor, television personality, and game show host (born 1932)

LeRoy Ellis, American basketball player (born 1940)

Kathryn Joosten, American actress (born 1939)

David Eddings, American author (born 1931)

Bo Diddley, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1928)

Mel Ferrer, American actor (born 1917)

Kentarō Haneda, Japanese pianist and composer (born 1949)

Huang Ju, Chinese engineer and politician, 1st Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (born 1938)

Keith Smith, English rugby player and coach (born 1952)

Lucien Cliche, Canadian lawyer and politician (born 1916)

Gunder Gundersen, Norwegian skier (born 1930)

Samir Kassir, Lebanese journalist and educator (born 1950)

Melita Norwood, English civil servant and spy (born 1912)

Freddie Blassie, American wrestler and manager (born 1918)

Alma Ricard, Canadian broadcaster and philanthropist (born 1906)

Hugo van Lawick, Dutch director and photographer (born 1937)

Imogene Coca, American actress and comedian (born 1908)

Joey Maxim, American boxer (born 1922)

Svyatoslav Fyodorov, Russian ophthalmologist, academic, and politician (born 1927)

John Schlee, American golfer (born 1939)

Gerald James Whitrow, English mathematician, cosmologist, and historian (born 1912)

Junior Braithwaite, Jamaican singer (born 1949)

Doc Cheatham, American trumpet player, singer, and bandleader (born 1905)

Helen Jacobs, American tennis champion (born 1908)

John Alton, Hungarian-American cinematographer and director (born 1901)

Leon Garfield, English author (born 1921)

Ray Combs, American game show host (born 1956)

David Stove, Australian philosopher, author, and academic (born 1927)

Johnny Mize, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster (born 1913)

Tahar Djaout, Algerian journalist, writer and poet (born 1954)

Philip Dunne, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1908)

Ahmed Arif, Turkish poet and author (born 1927)

Rex Harrison, English actor (born 1908)

Ted a'Beckett, Australian cricketer and footballer (born 1907)

Raj Kapoor, Indian actor, director, and producer (born 1924)

Anthony de Mello, Indian-American priest and psychotherapist (born 1931)

Sammy Kaye, American bandleader and songwriter (born 1910)

Andrés Segovia, Spanish guitarist (born 1893)

Aurèle Joliat, Canadian ice hockey player (born 1901)

Stan Rogers, Canadian singer-songwriter (born 1949)

Ray Stehr, Australian rugby league player and coach (born 1913)

Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry, Pakistani lawyer and politician, 5th President of Pakistan (born 1904)

Shah Abdul Wahhab, Bangladeshi Islamic scholar (born 1894)

Jim Hutton, American actor (born 1934)

Santiago Bernabéu Yeste, Spanish footballer and coach (born 1895)

Albert Bittlmayer, German footballer (born 1952)

Stephen Boyd, Northern Irish-born American actor (born 1931)

Kenneth Mason, English soldier and geographer (born 1887)

Juan José Torres, Bolivian general and politician, 61st President of Bolivia (born 1920)

Hiroshi Kazato, Japanese race car driver (born 1949)

Orhan Kemal, Turkish author (born 1914)

Albert Lamorisse, French director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1922)

Bruce McLaren, New Zealand race car driver and engineer, founded the McLaren racing team (born 1937)

Giuseppe Ungaretti, Italian soldier, journalist, and academic (born 1888)

Lucía Sánchez Saornil, Spanish anarchist feminist (born 1895)

Leo Gorcey, American actor (born 1917)

André Mathieu, Canadian pianist and composer (born 1929)

Benno Ohnesorg, German student and activist (born 1940)

Vita Sackville-West, English author and poet (born 1892)

George S. Kaufman, American director, producer, and playwright (born 1889)

Lyda Borelli, Italian actress (born 1884)

Jean Hersholt, Danish-American actor and director (born 1886)

Naum Torbov, Bulgarian architect, designed the Central Sofia Market Hall (born 1880)

Viktor Brack, German physician (born 1904)

Karl Brandt, German SS officer (born 1904)

Karl Gebhardt, German physician (born 1897)

Waldemar Hoven, German physician (born 1903)

Wolfram Sievers, German SS officer (born 1905)

John Gretton, 1st Baron Gretton, English sailor and politician (born 1867)

Bunny Berigan, American singer and trumpet player (born 1908)

Lou Gehrig, American baseball player (born 1903)

Louis Vierne, French organist and composer (born 1870)

Frank Jarvis, American runner and triple jumper (born 1878)

Enrique Gorostieta, Mexican general (born 1889)

Hüseyin Avni Lifij, Turkish painter (born 1886)

George Leslie Mackay, Canadian missionary and author (born 1844)

Giuseppe Garibaldi, Italian general and politician (born 1807)

Émile Littré, French lexicographer and philosopher (born 1801)

Józef Kremer, Polish psychologist, historian, and philosopher (born 1806)

Ner Middleswarth, American judge and politician (born 1783)

Henry Trevor, 21st Baron Dacre, English general (born 1777)

William Tate, English painter (born 1747)

Jean Paul de Gua de Malves, French mathematician and academic (born 1713)

Jonas Alströmer, Swedish businessman (born 1685)

Ebenezer Erskine, Scottish minister and theologian (born 1680)

Ogata Kōrin, Japanese painter and educator (born 1658)

Madeleine de Scudéry, French author (born 1607)

John Wildman, English soldier and politician, Postmaster General of the United Kingdom (born 1621)

Bernard of Wąbrzeźno, Roman Catholic priest (born 1575)

James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, Scottish soldier and politician, Lord Chancellor of Scotland (born 1525)

Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk (born 1536)

Shane O'Neill, head of the O'Neill dynasty in Ireland (born 1530)

Álvaro de Luna, Duke of Trujillo, Constable of Castile

Katherine of Lancaster, queen of Henry III of Castile

Rhys ap Maredudd, Welsh nobleman and rebel leader

Peter I, Count of Urgell

Bishop John of Oxford

Richilde of Provence (born 845)

Al-Muwaffaq, Abbasid general (born 842)

Pope Eugene I