December 5 in History

The International Olympic Committee bans Russia from competing at the 2018 Winter Olympics for doping at the 2014 Winter Olympics.

Exploration Flight Test-1, the first flight test of Orion, is launched.

Militants attack a Defense Ministry compound in Sanaa, Yemen, killing at least 56 people and injuring 200 others.

Westroads Mall shooting: Nineteen-year-old Robert A. Hawkins kills nine people, including himself, with a WASR-10 at a Von Maur department store in Omaha, Nebraska.

Commodore Frank Bainimarama overthrows the government in Fiji.

The Civil Partnership Act comes into effect in the United Kingdom, and the first civil partnership is registered there.

The 6.8 Mw Lake Tanganyika earthquake shakes the eastern provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), killing six people.

Space Shuttle Endeavour launches on STS-108, carrying the Expedition 4 crew to the International Space Station.

Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lanka's government announces the conquest of the Tamil stronghold of Jaffna.

Azerbaijan Airlines Flight A-56 crashes near Nakhchivan International Airport in Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan, killing 52 people.

The Budapest Memorandum is signed at the OSCE conference in Budapest, Hungary.

Leonid Kravchuk is elected the first president of Ukraine.

Dissolution of the Military Junta in Argentina.

Egypt breaks diplomatic relations with Syria, Libya, Algeria, Iraq and South Yemen in retaliation to preventing President Anwar el-Sadat from pursuing negotiations with Israel at the Tripoli confer.

Battle of Gazipur: Pakistani forces are defeated as India cedes Gazipur to Bangladesh.

Vietnam War: For his heroism in battle earlier in the year, Captain Roger Donlon is awarded the first Medal of Honor of the war.

Lloyd J. Old discovers the first linkage between the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and disease—mouse leukemia—opening the way for the recognition of the importance of the MHC in the immune response.

Subscriber Trunk Dialling (STD) is inaugurated in the United Kingdom by Queen Elizabeth II when she speaks to the Lord Provost in a call from Bristol to Edinburgh.

The Preston By-pass, the UK's first stretch of motorway, opens to traffic for the first time. (It is now part of the M6 and M55 motorways.)

The American Federation of Labor and the Congress of Industrial Organizations merge and form the AFL–CIO.

The Civil Rights Movement: the Montgomery bus boycott begins, led by E. D. Nixon and Rosa Parks.

Beginning of the Great Smog in London. A cold fog combines with air pollution and brings the city to a standstill for four days. Later, a Ministry of Health report estimates 4,000 fatalities as a result of it.

Flight 19, a group of TBF Avengers, disappears in the Bermuda Triangle.

World War II: Allied air forces begin attacking Germany's secret weapons bases in Operation Crossbow.

World War II: In the Battle of Moscow, Georgy Zhukov launches a massive Soviet counter-attack against the German army.

World War II: Great Britain declares war on Finland, Hungary and Romania.

The Soviet Union adopts a new constitution and the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic is established as a full Union Republic of the USSR.

Mary McLeod Bethune founds the National Council of Negro Women in New York City.

Abyssinia Crisis: Italian troops attack Wal Wal in Abyssinia, taking four days to capture the city.

The Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution is ratified, repealing Prohibition in the United States.

The Football Association bans women's football in England from league grounds, a ban that stays in place for 50 years.

Ukrainian War of Independence: The Polonsky conspiracy is suppressed and its participants are executed by the Kontrrazvedka.

The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition begins in an attempt to make the first land crossing of Antarctica.

New Haven Symphony Orchestra of Connecticut performs its first concert.

Chincha Islands War: Peru allies with Chile against Spain.

California Gold Rush: In a message to the United States Congress, U.S. President James K. Polk confirms that large amounts of gold had been discovered in California.

Jefferson Davis is elected to the U.S. Senate.

Former U.S. President John Quincy Adams takes his seat in the House of Representatives.

Phi Beta Kappa, the oldest academic honor society in the U.S., holds its first meeting at the College of William & Mary.

At Fort Ticonderoga, Henry Knox begins his historic transport of artillery to Cambridge, Massachusetts.

29th Regiment of Foot privates Hugh Montgomery and Matthew Kilroy are found guilty for the manslaughter of Crispus Attucks and Samuel Gray respectively in the Boston Massacre.

In London, auctioneer James Christie holds his first sale.

Seven Years' War: Battle of Leuthen: Frederick II of Prussia leads Prussian forces to a decisive victory over Austrian forces under Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine.

The town of Raahe (Swedish: Brahestad) is founded by Count Per Brahe the Younger.

Sir Francis Drake, after sailing through Strait of Magellan, raids Valparaíso.

Ten-year-old Charles IX becomes king of France, with Queen Mother Catherine de' Medici as regent.

King Manuel I of Portugal issues a decree ordering the expulsion of Jews from the country.

Pope Innocent VIII issues the Summis desiderantes affectibus, a papal bull that deputizes Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany.

The first of two earthquakes measuring Mw 7.2 strikes Italy, causing extreme destruction and killing upwards of 70,000 people.

Seeking to resubjugate Muscovy, Emir Edigu of the Golden Horde reaches Moscow, burning areas around the city but failing to take the city itself.

Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona is assassinated, most likely by his brother, Berenguer Ramon II.

The Jordan Rift Valley earthquake destroys multiple cities across the Levant, triggers a tsunami and kills many.

Fourth Council of Toledo opens, presided over by Isidore of Seville.

Cicero gives the fourth and final of the Catiline Orations.

Owen Cooper, English actor

Ediz Gürel, Turkish chess grandmaster

Soobin, South Korean singer-songwriter

Conan Gray, American singer-songwriter

Randal Kolo Muani, French footballer

Maddie Poppe, American singer-songwriter and musician

Quinnen Williams, American football player

Danny Levi, New Zealand rugby league player

Anthony Martial, French footballer

Kaetlyn Osmond, Canadian figure skater

Levy Rozman, American chess International Master, streamer and YouTuber

Alexander Sørloth, Norwegian footballer

Ondrej Duda, Slovak footballer

Semi Ojeleye, American basketball player

Ross Barkley, English footballer

Luciano Vietto, Argentine footballer

Natalie Sourisseau, Canadian field hockey player

Cam Fowler, Canadian-American ice hockey player

Christian Yelich, American baseball player

Montee Ball, American football player

Jurrell Casey, American football player

Kwon Yu-ri, South Korean singer-songwriter and actress

Ross Bagley, American actor

Tina Charles, American basketball player

Kyle Long, American football player

Joanna Rowsell, English cyclist

A. J. Pollock, American baseball player

LeGarrette Blount, American football player

James Hinchcliffe, Canadian Indycar racing driver

Justin Smoak, American baseball player

Shikhar Dhawan, Indian cricketer

André-Pierre Gignac, French footballer

Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum, Emirati princess

Frankie Muniz, American actor, drummer, and race car driver

Josh Smith, American basketball player

Danny Wicks, Australian rugby league player

Lauren London, American actress

Joakim Lindström, Swedish ice hockey player

Eddy Curry, American basketball player

Keri Hilson, American singer-songwriter and actress

Gabriel Luna, American actor

Adan Canto, Mexican actor (died 2024)

Jessica Paré, Canadian actress

Matteo Ferrari, Italian footballer

Niklas Hagman, Finnish ice hockey player

Gareth McAuley, Northern Irish footballer

Nick Stahl, American actor

Neil Druckmann, American video game designer and author

Olli Jokinen, Finnish ice hockey player

Marcelo Zalayeta, Uruguayan footballer

Peter van der Vlag, Dutch footballer

Amy Acker, American actress

Xavier Garbajosa, French rugby player

Norishige Kanai, Japanese doctor and astronaut

Sachiko Kokubu, Japanese actress and model

Rachel Komisarz, American swimmer and coach

Ronnie O'Sullivan, English snooker player and radio host

Paula Patton, American actress

Ravish Kumar, Indian journalist and author

Brian Lewis, American sprinter

Argo Arbeiter, Estonian footballer

Arik Benado, Israeli footballer

Mikelangelo Loconte, Italian singer-songwriter, producer, and actor

Luboš Motl, Czech physicist and academic

Cliff Floyd, American baseball player and sportscaster

Duane Ross, American hurdler and coach

Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg, German businessman and politician, German Federal Minister of Defence

Ashia Hansen, American-English triple jumper

Gabriel Hjertstedt, Swedish golfer

Kali Rocha, American actress

Kevin Haller, Canadian ice hockey player

Michel'le, American singer-songwriter

Eric Etebari, American actor, director, and producer

Morgan J. Freeman, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Sajid Javid, British Pakistani banker and politician, former Chancellor of the Exchequer

Lewis Pugh, English swimmer and lawyer

Ramón Ramírez, Mexican footballer

Catherine Tate, English actress, comedian, and writer

Margaret Cho, American comedian, actress, producer, and screenwriter

Lisa Marie, American model and actress

Lydia Millet, American novelist

Falilat Ogunkoya, Nigerian sprinter

Gary Allan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Manish Malhotra, Indian fashion designer

John Rzeznik, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Wayne Smith, Jamaican rapper (died 2014)

Valeriy Spitsyn, Russian race walker

Martin Vinnicombe, Australian cyclist

Doctor Dré, American television and radio host

Carrie Hamilton, American actress and playwright (died 2002)

Alberto Nisman, Argentinian lawyer (died 2015)

José Cura, Argentinian tenor, conductor, and director

Pablo Morales, American swimmer and coach

Nivek Ogre, Canadian singer-songwriter

Fred Rutten, Dutch footballer and manager

Ralf Dujmovits, German mountaineer

Laura Flanders, British journalist

Frans Adelaar, Dutch footballer and manager

Osvaldo Golijov, Argentinian-American composer and educator

Jack Russell, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2024)

Matthew Taylor, English businessman and politician

Lee Chapman, English footballer

Oleksandr Yaroslavsky, Ukrainian businessman

Dynamite Kid, English wrestler (died 2018)

Raquel Argandoña, Chilean model, actress, and politician

Art Monk, American football player

Klaus Allofs, German footballer and manager

Butch Lee, Puerto Rican basketball player

Adam Thorpe, French-English author, poet, and playwright

Krystian Zimerman, Polish virtuoso pianist

Miyuki Kawanaka, Japanese singer

Juha Tiainen, Finnish hammer thrower (died 2003)

Hanif Kureishi, English author and playwright

Gwen Lister, South African-Namibian journalist, publisher, and activist

Morgan Brittany, American actress

Link Byfield, Canadian journalist and author (died 2015)

Anne-Mie van Kerckhoven, Belgian painter and illustrator

John Altman, English composer and conductor

David Manning, English civil servant and diplomat, British Ambassador to the United States

Denise Drysdale, Australian television host and actress

Rudy Fernandez, Filipino triathlete (died 2022)

Bruce Golding, Jamaican lawyer and politician, 8th Prime Minister of Jamaica

Tony Gregory, Irish activist and politician (died 2009)

Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa, Mongolian cosmonaut and military leader

Jim Messina, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Jim Plunkett, American football player and radio host

Kim Simmonds, Welsh blues-rock singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (died 2022)

Don Touhig, Welsh journalist and politician

José Carreras, Spanish tenor and actor

Andy Kim, Canadian pop singer-songwriter

Sarel van der Merwe, South African racing driver

Serge Chapleau, Canadian cartoonist

Moshe Katsav, Iranian-Israeli educator and politician, 8th President of Israel

Jeroen Krabbé, Dutch actor, director, and producer

Eva Joly, Norwegian-French judge and politician

Andrew Yeom Soo-jung, South Korean cardinal

Bryan Murray, Canadian ice hockey coach (died 2017)

Tony Crafter, Australian cricket umpire

Boris Ignatyev, Russian footballer and manager (died 2026)

Peter Pohl, Swedish author, director, and screenwriter

Frank Wilson, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2012)

J. J. Cale, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2013)

James Lee Burke, American journalist, author, and academic

Calvin Trillin, American novelist, humorist, and journalist

Yury Vlasov, Ukrainian-Russian weightlifter and politician (died 2021)

Joan Didion, American novelist and screenwriter (died 2021)

Gennadiy Agapov, Russian race walker (died 1999)

Harry Holgate, Australian politician, 36th Premier of Tasmania (died 1997)

Alf Dubs, Baron Dubs, British politician

Sheldon Glashow, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

Jim Hurtubise, American race car driver (died 1989)

Nadira, Indian actress (died 2006)

Little Richard, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (died 2020)

Ladislav Novák, Czech footballer and manager (died 2011)

Yi-Fu Tuan, Chinese-American geographer (died 2022)

Madis Kõiv, Estonian physicist, philosopher, and author (died 2014)

Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (died 2016)

W.D. Amaradeva, Sri Lankan musician and composer (died 2016)

Adetoun Ogunsheye, first female Nigerian professor and university dean

Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Nicaraguan politician, 73rd President of Nicaragua (died 1980)

Robert Sobukwe, South African banker and politician (died 1978)

Casey Ribicoff, American philanthropist (died 2011)

Don Robertson, American songwriter and pianist (died 2015)

Alvy Moore, American actor and producer (died 1997)

Alun Gwynne Jones, Baron Chalfont, English historian and politician (died 2020)

Ken Downing, English racing driver (died 2004)

Hilary Koprowski, Polish-American virologist and immunologist, created the world's first effective live polio vaccine (died 2013)

Walt McPherson, American basketball player and coach (died 2013)

Helen Dettweiler, American golfer (died 1990)

Hans Hellmut Kirst, German lieutenant and author (died 1989)

Esther Borja, Cuban soprano and actress (died 2013)

Bruce Conde, American army officer, mercenary, stamp collector, and royalty claimant (died 1992)

Kate Simon, American travel writer (died 1990)

Sonny Boy Williamson II, American singer-songwriter and harmonica player (died 1965)

Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist and composer (died 2000)

Abraham Polonsky, American director and screenwriter (died 1999)

Lin Biao, Chinese general and politician, 2nd Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China (died 1971)

Giuseppe Occhialini, Italian-French physicist and academic (died 1993)

Francisco Javier Arana, Guatemalan Army colonel and briefly Guatemalan head of state (died 1949)

Otto Preminger, Austrian-American actor, director, and producer (died 1986)

Johannes Heesters, Dutch-German actor and singer (died 2011)

C. F. Powell, English-Italian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1969)

Emeric Pressburger, Hungarian-English director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1988)

Strom Thurmond, American educator, general, and politician, 103rd Governor of South Carolina (died 2003)

Walt Disney, American animator, director, producer, and screenwriter, co-founded The Walt Disney Company (died 1966)

Milton H. Erickson, American psychiatrist and author (died 1980)

Werner Heisenberg, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1976)

Jimmy Dimmock, English footballer (died 1972)

Josh Malihabadi, Indian-Pakistani poet and translator (died 1982)

Grace Moore, American soprano and actress (died 1947)

Nunnally Johnson, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1977)

Gershom Scholem, German-Israeli philosopher and historian (died 1982)

Ann Nolan Clark, American historian, author, and educator (died 1995)

Carl Ferdinand Cori, Czech-American biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1984)

Elbert Frank Cox, American mathematician and academic (died 1969)

Charles Robberts Swart, South African lawyer and politician, 1st State President of South Africa (died 1982)

Paul Kogerman, Estonian chemist and academic (died 1951)

David Bomberg, English painter, illustrator, and academic (died 1957)

Fritz Lang, Austrian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1976)

Sabás Reyes Salazar, Mexican Catholic priest (died 1927)

Rose Wilder Lane, American journalist and author (died 1968)

Pieter Oud, Dutch historian, academic, and politician, Minister of Finance of the Netherlands (died 1968)

Nikolai Uglanov, Soviet politician (died 1937)

René Cresté, French actor and director (died 1922)

Clyde Vernon Cessna, American pilot and businessman, founded the Cessna Aircraft Corporation (died 1954)

Arthur Currie, Canadian general (died 1933)

Harry Nelson Pillsbury, American chess player (died 1906)

Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer and educator (died 1949)

Ellis Parker Butler, American author and poet (died 1937)

Arnold Sommerfeld, German physicist and academic (died 1951)

Antti Aarne, Finnish author and academic (died 1925)

Józef Piłsudski, Polish field marshal and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Poland (died 1935)

John Beresford, Irish polo player (died 1944)

Traian Demetrescu, Romanian poet and author (died 1896)

Paul Painlevé, French mathematician and politician, 84th Prime Minister of France (died 1933)

John Henry Leech, English entomologist (died 1900)

Konstantin Korovin, Russian-French painter and set designer (died 1939)

John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, English admiral and politician, 2nd Governor-General of New Zealand (died 1935)

Clinton Hart Merriam, American zoologist, ornithologist, entomologist, and ethnographer (died 1942)

Eduard Seler, German anthropologist, ethnohistorian, linguist, and academic (died 1922)

Marcus Daly, Irish-American businessman (died 1900)

George Armstrong Custer, American general (died 1876)

Christina Rossetti, English poet and author (died 1894)

Henri-Gustave Joly de Lotbinière, French-Canadian lawyer and politician, 4th Premier of Quebec (died 1908)

Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, American philosopher and academic, co-founded Radcliffe College (died 1907)

Afanasy Fet, Russian poet and author (died 1892)

Fyodor Tyutchev, Russian poet and diplomat (died 1873)

George Shepherd, English illustrator and painter (died 1862)

Martin Van Buren, American lawyer and politician, 8th President of the United States (died 1862)

Giuseppe de Majo, Italian organist and composer (died 1771)

Francesco Geminiani, Italian violinist and composer (died 1762)

Francesco Scarlatti, Italian violinist and composer (died 1741)

Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford and Earl Mortimer, English lawyer and politician, Secretary of State for the Northern Department (died 1724)

Henry Lawes, English composer (died 1662)

Anne Cecil, Countess of Oxford, English countess (died 1588)

Ubbo Emmius, Dutch historian and geographer (died 1625)

Fausto Sozzini, Italian theologian and author (died 1604)

Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese shōgun (died 1597)

Nicolas Cleynaerts, Flemish philologist and lexicographer (died 1542)

Willibald Pirckheimer, German lawyer and author (died 1530)

Pope Julius II (died 1513)

Zbigniew Oleśnicki, Polish cardinal and statesman (died 1455)

Jianwen Emperor of China (died 1402)

Zhu Wen, Chinese emperor (died 912)

Frank Gehry, Canadian-American architect and designer (b. 1929)

Michael Annett, American Former NASCAR Driver (b. 1986)

Jacques Roubaud, French poet, writer, and mathematician (born 1932)

Norman Lear, American screenwriter and producer (born 1922)

Kirstie Alley, American actress and producer (born 1951)

Bob Dole, American politician (born 1923)

Peter Alliss, English professional golfer (born 1931)

Robert Walker, American actor (born 1940)

Michael I of Romania, fifth and last king of Romania (born 1921)

August Ames, Canadian American pornographic actress (born 1994)

Tyruss Himes ("Big Syke"), American rapper (born 1968)

Vic Eliason, American clergyman and radio host, founded VCY America (born 1936)

Tibor Rubin, Hungarian-American soldier, Medal of Honor recipient (born 1929)

Chuck Williams, American businessman and author, founded Williams Sonoma (born 1915)

Ernest C. Brace, American captain and pilot (born 1931)

Fabiola, Queen of Belgium (born 1928)

Talât Sait Halman, Turkish poet, translator, and historian (born 1931)

Jackie Healy-Rae, Irish hurdler and politician (born 1931)

Silvio Zavala, Mexican historian and author (born 1909)

Fred Bassetti, American architect and academic, founded Bassetti Architects (born 1917)

William B. Edmondson, American lawyer and diplomat, United States Ambassador to South Africa (born 1927)

Nelson Mandela, South African lawyer and politician, 1st President of South Africa, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1918)

Dave Brubeck, American pianist and composer (born 1920)

Elisabeth Murdoch, Australian philanthropist (born 1909)

Oscar Niemeyer, Brazilian architect, designed the United Nations Headquarters and Cathedral of Brasília (born 1907)

Ignatius IV of Antioch, Syrian patriarch (born 1920)

Peter Gethin, English racing driver (born 1940)

Gennady Logofet, Russian footballer and manager (born 1942)

Alan Armer, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1922)

Don Meredith, American football player, sportscaster, and actor (born 1938)

William Lederer, American soldier and author (born 1912)

Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow (born 1929)

George Brecht, American chemist and composer (born 1926)

Nina Foch, Dutch-American actress (born 1924)

Beverly Garland, American actress and businesswoman (born 1926)

Anca Parghel, Romanian singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1957)

Andrew Imbrie, American composer and academic (born 1921)

George Paraskevaides, Greek-Cypriot businessman and philanthropist, co-founded Joannou & Paraskevaides (born 1916)

Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer and academic (born 1928)

David Bronstein, Ukrainian-Belarusian chess player and theoretician (born 1924)

Edward L. Masry, American lawyer and politician (born 1932)

Roone Arledge, American sportscaster and producer (born 1931)

Ne Win, Burmese general and politician, 4th President of Burma (born 1911)

Franco Rasetti, Italian-American physicist and academic (born 1901)

Albert Gore, Sr., American lawyer and politician (born 1907)

Eugen Cicero, Romanian-German jazz pianist (born 1940)

L. B. Cole, American illustrator and publisher (born 1918)

Charles Evans, English mountaineer, surgeon, and educator (born 1918)

Gwen Harwood, Australian poet and playwright (born 1920)

Clair Cameron Patterson, American scientist (born 1922)

Harry Horner, Czech-American director, producer, and production designer (born 1910)

Richard Speck, American mass murderer (born 1941)

Alfonso A. Ossorio, Filipino-American painter and sculptor (born 1916)

John Pritchard, English conductor and director (born 1921)

Edward Youde, Welsh-Chinese sinologist and diplomat, 26th Governor of Hong Kong (born 1924)

Cecil M. Harden, American politician (born 1894)

Robert Aldrich, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1918)

Jesse Pearson, American actor, singer, and screenwriter (born 1930)

Katherine Milhous, American author and illustrator (born 1894)

Aleksandr Vasilevsky, Russian marshal and politician, Minister of Defence for the Soviet Union (born 1895)

Constance McLaughlin Green, American historian and author (born 1897)

Robert Watson-Watt, Scottish engineer, invented the radar (born 1892)

Claude Dornier, German engineer and businessman, founded Dornier Flugzeugwerke (born 1884)

Princess Alice of Battenberg, mother of Prince Philip of the United Kingdom (born 1885)

Fred Clark, American actor (born 1914)

Joseph Erlanger, American physiologist, neuroscientist, and academic Nobel Prize laureate (born 1874)

V. Veerasingam, Sri Lankan educator and politician (born 1892)

Karl Amadeus Hartmann, German composer and educator (born 1905)

Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy, Indian-Pakistani lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Pakistan (born 1892)

Emil Fuchs, German-American lawyer and businessman (born 1878)

Glenn L. Martin, American pilot and businessman, founded the Glenn L. Martin Company (born 1886)

William Sterling Parsons, American admiral (born 1901)

Shoeless Joe Jackson, American baseball player and manager (born 1887)

Abanindranath Tagore, Indian painter, author, and academic (born 1871)

Louis Dewis, Belgian-French painter and educator (born 1872)

Jock Delves Broughton, English captain (born 1883)

Amrita Sher-Gil, Hungarian-Pakistani painter (born 1913)

Jan Kubelík, Czech violinist and composer (born 1880)

Alexander Atabekian, Armenian physician and anarchist publisher (born 1869)

Vachel Lindsay, American poet (born 1879)

Claude Monet, French painter (born 1840)

Władysław Reymont, Polish novelist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1867)

Schalk Willem Burger, South African commander, lawyer, and politician, 6th President of the South African Republic (born 1852)

Pedro II of Brazil (born 1825)

Eliza R. Snow, American poet and songwriter (born 1804)

Alexandre Dumas, French novelist and playwright (born 1802)

Henry Ross, Canadian-Australian gold miner (born 1829)

Friedrich Leopold zu Stolberg-Stolberg, German poet and lawyer (born 1750)

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer and musician (born 1756)

Phillis Wheatley, Senegal-born slave, later American poet (born 1753)

James Stirling, Scottish mathematician and surveyor (born 1692)

Johann Friedrich Fasch, German violinist and composer (born 1688)

Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, sieur de La Vérendrye, Canadian commander and explorer (born 1685)

Severo Bonini, Italian organist and composer (born 1582)

Jean François Sarrazin, French author and poet (born 1611)

Gaspard Bauhin, Swiss botanist and physician (born 1560)

Johan Friis, Danish politician (born 1494)

Francis II of France (born 1544)

John III, Duke of Brabant (born 1300)

Joan, Countess of Flanders and Hainault (born 1199 or 1200)

Dirk van Are, bishop and lord of Utrecht

Ramon Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona (born 1053)

Ealhswith, queen consort and wife of Alfred the Great, King of Wessex

Li Ban, emperor of Cheng Han (born 288)

Publius Cornelius Lentulus Sura, Roman politician (born 114 BC)