September 17 in History

Saudi Arabia and Pakistan sign the Strategic Mutual Defence Agreement.

A Russian reconnaissance aircraft carrying 15 people on board is brought down by a Syrian surface-to-air missile over the Mediterranean Sea.

Two bombs explode in Seaside Park, New Jersey, and Manhattan. Thirty-one people are injured in the Manhattan bombing.

Grand Theft Auto V earns more than half a billion dollars on its first day of release.

Occupy Wall Street movement begins in Zuccotti Park, New York City.

Fourpeaked Mountain in Alaska erupts, marking the first eruption for the volcano in at least 10,000 years.

An audio tape of a private speech by Hungarian Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány is leaked to the public, in which he confessed that his Hungarian Socialist Party had lied to win the 2006 election, sparking widespread protests across the country.

The New York Stock Exchange reopens for trading after the September 11 attacks, the longest closure since the Great Depression.

George W. Bush, president of the United States, delivers remarks at the Islamic Center of Washington praising Muslim Americans and condemning Islamophobia in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.

An Iranian Kurdish leader and his two joiners are assassinated by political militants in Berlin.

Estonia, North Korea, South Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, the Marshall Islands and Micronesia join the United Nations.

The first version of the Linux kernel (0.01) is released to the Internet.

Vanessa Williams becomes the first black Miss America.

After weeks of strikes at the Lenin Shipyard in Gdańsk, Poland, the nationwide independent trade union Solidarity is established.

Former Nicaraguan President Anastasio Somoza Debayle is killed in Asunción, Paraguay.

The Camp David Accords are signed by Israel and Egypt.

The Space Shuttle Enterprise is unveiled by NASA.

Bangladesh, Grenada and Guinea-Bissau join the United Nations.

The Battle of Chawinda is fought between Pakistan and India.

The world's first retractable roof stadium, the Civic Arena, opens in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 706 crashes during takeoff from O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois, killing all 37 people on board.

The People's Liberation Army Air Force Airborne Corps (Then known as the PLAAF 1st Ground Forces Brigade) is founded.

The Republic of India formally recognised the State of Israel.

The Canadian steamship SS Noronic burns in Toronto Harbour with the loss of over 118 lives.

The Lehi (also known as the Stern gang) assassinates Count Folke Bernadotte, who was appointed by the United Nations to mediate between the Arab nations and Israel.

The Nizam of Hyderabad surrenders his sovereignty over the Hyderabad State and joins the Indian Union.

World War II: Allied airborne troops parachute into the Netherlands as the "Market" half of Operation Market Garden and British XXX Corps advances into the Netherlands as the "Garden" half of the Operation.

World War II: Soviet troops launch the Tallinn Offensive against Germany and pro-independence Estonian units.

World War II: German forces are attacked by the Allies in the Battle of San Marino.

World War II: A decree of the Soviet State Committee of Defense restores compulsory military training.

World War II: Soviet forces enter Tehran during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran.

World War II: Due to setbacks in the Battle of Britain and approaching autumn weather, Hitler postpones Operation Sea Lion.

World War II: The Soviet invasion of Poland begins.

World War II: German submarine U-29 sinks the British aircraft carrier HMS Courageous.

The Niagara Gorge Railroad ceases operations after a rockslide.

A speech by Laureano Gómez leads to the escalation of the Leticia Incident.

The Kurdish Ararat rebellion is suppressed by the Turks.

The Okeechobee hurricane strikes southeastern Florida, killing more than 2,500 people.

The Border Protection Corps is established in the Second Polish Republic for the defence of the eastern border against armed Soviet raids and local bandits.

The National Football League is organized as the American Professional Football Association in Canton, Ohio.

World War I: Manfred von Richthofen ("The Red Baron"), a flying ace of the German Luftstreitkräfte, wins his first aerial combat near Cambrai, France.

Andrew Fisher becomes Prime Minister of Australia for the third time.

World War I: The Race to the Sea begins.

The Wright Flyer flown by Orville Wright, with Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge as passenger, crashes, killing Selfridge, who becomes the first airplane fatality.

Second Boer War: A Boer column defeats a British force at the Battle of Blood River Poort.

Second Boer War: Boers capture a squadron of the 17th Lancers at the Battle of Elands River.

Philippine–American War: Filipinos under Juan Cailles defeat Americans under Colonel Benjamin F. Cheatham Jr. at Mabitac.

Battle of the Yalu River, the largest naval engagement of the First Sino-Japanese War.

American Civil War: George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac halts the first invasion of the North by Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia in the single-day Battle of Antietam, the bloodiest day in American military history.

American Civil War: The Allegheny Arsenal explosion in Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania results in the single largest civilian disaster during the war.

Argentine Civil Wars: The State of Buenos Aires defeats the Argentine Confederation at the Battle of Pavón.

Joshua A. Norton declares himself "Norton I, Emperor of the United States".

American abolitionist Harriet Tubman makes her first attempt to escape from slavery.

Peace between Sweden and Russia in the Finnish War; the territory that will become Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn.

Flanders Campaign: France completes its conquest of the Austrian Netherlands at the Battle of Sprimont.

War of the Pyrenees: France defeats a Spanish force at the Battle of Peyrestortes.

The United States Constitution is signed at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, bringing the Constitutional Convention to an end.

The Treaty of Fort Pitt is signed. It is the first formal treaty between the United States and a Native American tribe.

The Presidio of San Francisco is founded in New Spain.

American Revolutionary War: The invasion of Quebec by the Continental Army begins with the Siege of Fort St. Jean.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek writes a letter to the Royal Society describing "animalcules", later known as protozoa.

The Battle of Vilanova is fought between Portugal and Spain during the Portuguese Restoration War.

Sweden wins a major victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld against the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.

The city of Boston, Massachusetts, is founded in North America.

Polish–Ottoman War: The Ottoman Empire defeats the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Battle of Cecora.

The Treaty of Bergerac is signed between King Henry III of France and the Huguenots.

The first Finnish-language book, the Abckiria by Mikael Agricola, is published in Stockholm.

Thirteen Years' War: A Polish army under Piotr Dunin decisively defeats the Teutonic Order at the Battle of Świecino.

Louis the Great's daughter, Mary, is crowned "king" of Hungary.

The Battle of Myriokephalon is the last attempt by the Byzantine Empire to recover central Anatolia from the Seljuk Turks.

Highest Galician nobility led by Pedro Fróilaz de Traba and the bishop Diego Gelmírez crown Alfonso VII as "King of Galicia".

Elina Avanesyan, Russian-Armenian tennis player

Jaimee Fourlis, Australian tennis player

Daniel Huttlestone, English actor

Kim Dong-hyun, South Korean singer

Auston Matthews, American ice hockey player

Duje Ćaleta-Car, Croatian footballer

Esteban Ocon, French Formula One racing driver

Slayyyter, American singer and songwriter

Choi Young-jae, South Korean singer and actor

Michael Bunting, Canadian ice hockey player

Patrick Mahomes, American football player

Yoo Si-ah, South Korean singer

Na In-woo, South Korean actor

Denyse Tontz, Salvadoran-American actress and singer

Sofiane Boufal, Moroccan footballer

Sophie Howard, Scottish footballer

Alfonzo McKinnie, American basketball player

Danny Ramirez, American actor

José Ramírez, Dominican baseball player

Ryo Ishikawa, Japanese golfer

Mena Massoud, Egyptian-Canadian actor

Egor Yakovlev, Russian ice hockey player

Pixie Geldof, English model and singer

Sean Scannell, English footballer

Marcus Semien, American baseball player

Danielle Brooks, American actress

Kate Deines, American soccer player

Paul Huntington, English footballer

Ravichandran Ashwin, Indian cricketer

Paolo De Ceglie, Italian footballer

Sophie, English music producer, disc jockey and singer (died 2021)

Tomáš Berdych, Czech tennis player

Brendan Clarke, Irish footballer

José Gonçalves, Portuguese footballer

Alexander Ovechkin, Russian ice hockey player

Mason Raymond, Canadian ice hockey player

Mary DeScenza, American swimmer

John Kucera, Canadian skier

Patrick van Luijk, Dutch sprinter

Ice Seguerra, Filipino singer, actor, director, and former chairman of the National Youth Commission of the Philippines (2016–18)

Garth Murray, Canadian ice hockey player

Bakari Koné, Ivorian footballer

Steffen Algreen, Danish footballer

Chuck Comeau, Canadian musician

Billy Miller, American actor

Chris Minns, Australian politician, 47th Premier of New South Wales

Nick Cordero, Canadian actor and singer (died 2020)

Shawn Horcoff, Canadian ice hockey player

Arne Slot, Dutch football manager

Sam Esmail, American screenwriter

Simone Perrotta, Italian footballer

Wilko de Vogt, Dutch footballer

Jimmie Johnson, American race car driver

Pumpkinhead, American rapper (died 2015)

Nona Gaye, American singer, model, and actress

Tormod Granheim, Norwegian skier and explorer

Craig Spence, Australian golfer

Rasheed Wallace, American basketball player and coach

Diego Albanese, Argentine rugby player

Demis Nikolaidis, Greek footballer

Nate Berkus, American interior designer and television host

Mike Catt, South African-English rugby player and coach

Andy Edwards, English footballer

Bobby Lee, American actor and comedian

Mauro Milanese, Italian footballer and manager

Adam Devlin, English guitarist and songwriter

Ken Doherty, Irish snooker player

Keith Flint, English singer-songwriter (died 2019)

Matthew Settle, American actor

Paul Varelans, American MMA fighter and wrestler

Anastacia, American singer-songwriter

Cheryl Strayed, American author

Tito Vilanova, Spanish footballer and manager (died 2014)

Valeri Zelepukin, Russian ice hockey player and coach

Michael Carbajal, American boxer

Malik Yoba, American actor

Doug E. Fresh, American rapper and producer

Kyle Chandler, American actor

Yuji Naka, Japanese video game designer, created Sonic the Hedgehog

Guy Picciotto, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

Bryan Singer, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Masahiro Chono, American-Japanese wrestler and manager

James Urbaniak, American actor, producer, and screenwriter

Paul Feig, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Baz Luhrmann, Australian director, producer, and screenwriter

Dustin Nguyen, Vietnamese-American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Hesham Qandil, Egyptian engineer and politician, 51st Prime Minister of Egypt

Wayne Riley, Australian golfer

BeBe Winans, American singer-songwriter and producer

Jim Cornette, American wrestling manager and sportscaster

Giorgos Koumoutsakos, Greek politician

Ty Tabor, American rock singer-songwriter and guitarist

John Bottomley, Canadian singer-songwriter (died 2011)

Kevin Clash, American puppeteer

John Franco, American baseball player

Damon Hill, English racing driver and guitarist

Alan Krueger, American economist and academic (died 2019)

Janez Janša, Slovenian politician, 5th Prime Minister of Slovenia

Tom Waddell, Scottish-American baseball player (died 2019)

David Bintley, English ballet dancer and director

Steve Bryles, American businessman and politician (died 2012)

Nurten Yılmaz, Austrian politician

Almazbek Atambayev, Kyrgyz politician, 4th President of Kyrgyzstan

Thad Bosley, American baseball player and coach

Mandawuy Yunupingu, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2013)

Scott Simpson, American golfer

Charles Martinet, American actor

Mike Parson, American politician, 57th Governor of Missouri

Joël-François Durand, French pianist and composer

Bill Irwin, American wrestler

Luís Amado, Portuguese politician, former Minister of Foreign Affairs

Junior Bridgeman, American basketball player and businessman (died 2025)

Tamasin Day-Lewis, English chef and author

Altaf Hussain, Pakistani-English soldier and politician

Rita Rudner, American actress, comedian, and screenwriter

Harold Solomon, American tennis player and coach

Russell Brown, Scottish politician

Cassandra Peterson, American actress, television host, and producer

Kermit Washington, American basketball player

Narendra Modi, Indian politician; Chief Minister of Gujarat and 14th Prime Minister of India

Fee Waybill, American singer-songwriter and producer

Ron Stevens, Canadian lawyer and politician (died 2014)

Kemal Monteno, Bosnian singer-songwriter (died 2015)

John Ritter, American actor and producer (died 2003)

Tessa Jowell, English social worker and politician, Minister for the Cabinet Office (died 2018)

Enrique Krauze, Mexican historian, critic, and publisher

Gail Carson Levine, American author

Jeff MacNelly, American cartoonist (died 2000)

Billy Bonds, English footballer and manager (died 2025)

Heimar Lenk, Estonian journalist and politician

David Emerson, Canadian economist and politician, 8th Minister of Foreign Affairs for Canada

Phil Jackson, American basketball player and coach

Bhakti Charu Swami, Indian religious leader (died 2020)

Les Emmerson, Canadian singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2021)

Reinhold Messner, Italian mountaineer and explorer

Jean Taylor, American mathematician and academic

Robert Graysmith, American author and illustrator

Des Lynam, Irish-English journalist and author

Lupe Ontiveros, American actress (died 2012)

Bob Matsui, American lawyer and politician (died 2005)

Jan Eliasson, Swedish politician and diplomat, 4th Deputy Secretary-General of the United Nations

Peter Lever, English cricketer (died 2025)

Gilberto Parlotti, Italian motorcycle racer (died 1972)

Carl Dennis, American poet and educator

Shelby Flint, American singer-songwriter and voice actress

David Souter, American lawyer and jurist (died 2025)

Paul Benedict, American actor (died 2008)

Perry Robinson, American clarinet player and composer (died 2018)

Bobby Wine, American baseball player and coach

Nigel Boocock, English-Australian motorcycle racer (died 2015)

Orlando Cepeda, Puerto Rican baseball player (died 2024)

Sitakant Mahapatra, Indian poet and literary critic

Gerald Guralnik, American physicist and academic (died 2014)

Michael Hennagin, American composer and educator (died 1993)

Ken Kesey, American novelist, essayist, and poet (died 2001)

Maureen Connolly, American tennis player (died 1969)

Bulldog Brower, American wrestler (died 1997)

Chuck Grassley, American lawyer and politician

Claude Provost, Canadian-American ice hockey player (died 1984)

Robert B. Parker, American author and academic (died 2010)

Indarjit Singh, Indian-English journalist

Samuel Ogbemudia, Nigerian army officer and politician (died 2017)

Anne Bancroft, American actress (died 2005)

Jean-Claude Carrière, French actor and screenwriter (died 2021)

David Huddleston, American actor (died 2016)

Lalgudi Jayaraman, Indian violinist and composer (died 2013)

Theo Loevendie, Dutch clarinet player and composer

Edgar Mitchell, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (died 2016)

Jim Rohn, American philosopher and author (died 2009)

Thomas P. Stafford, American general, pilot, and astronaut (died 2024)

Sil Austin, American saxophonist (died 2001)

David Craig, Baron Craig of Radley, Northern Irish air marshal and politician

Stirling Moss, English racing driver and sportscaster (died 2020)

Park Honan, American author and academic (died 2014)

Roddy McDowall, English-American actor (died 1998)

George Blanda, American football player (died 2010)

Kevin Schubert, Australian rugby league player (died 2007)

Bill Black, American bass player and bandleader (died 1965)

Curtis Harrington, American actor, director, and screenwriter (died 2007)

Hovie Lister, American minister and pianist (died 2001)

Jean-Marie Lustiger, French cardinal (died 2007)

Jack McDuff, American singer and organist (died 2001)

Dorothy Loudon, American actress and singer (died 2003)

John List, American murderer (died 2008)

Ralph Sharon, English-American pianist, composer, and conductor (died 2015)

Hank Williams, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1953)

Agostinho Neto, Angolan poet and politician, 1st President of Angola (died 1979)

Dinah Sheridan, English actress (died 2012)

Hans Otto Jung, German viticulturist, jazz musician and patron of music (died 2009)

Lea Gottlieb, Hungarian-Israeli fashion designer, founded the Gottex Company (died 2012)

Chaim Herzog, Irish-born Israeli general and politician, 6th President of Israel (died 1997)

Ib Melchior, Danish-American author and screenwriter (died 2015)

Isang Yun, South Korean-German composer and educator (died 1995)

Mary Stewart, British author and poet (died 2014)

M. F. Husain, Indian painter and director (died 2011)

Thomas J. Bata, Czech-Canadian businessman (died 2008)

William Grut, Swedish pentathlete (died 2012)

Shin Kanemaru, Japanese politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Japan (died 1996)

Irena Kwiatkowska, Polish actress (died 2011)

Maksim Tank, Belarusian poet, journalist, and translator (died 1995)

Elizabeth Enright, American author and illustrator (died 1968)

John Creasey, English author and politician (died 1973)

Rafael Israelyan, Armenian architect and educator, designed the Sardarapat Memorial and St. Vartan Cathedral (died 1973)

Warren E. Burger, American lawyer and judge, 15th Chief Justice of the United States (died 1995)

J. R. Jayewardene, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 2nd President of Sri Lanka (died 1996)

Edgar Wayburn, American physician and environmentalist (died 2010)

Tshekedi Khama, regent of the Bamangwato tribe (died 1959)

Karel Miljon, Dutch boxer (died 1984)

Frank O'Connor, Irish short story writer, novelist, and poet (died 1966)

Minanogawa Tōzō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 34th Yokozuna (died 1971)

Bea Miles, Australian author (died 1973)

Francis Chichester, English pilot and sailor (died 1972)

Hughie Critz, American baseball player (died 1980)

Lena Frances Edwards, African-American physician, awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom (died 1986)

J. Willard Marriott, American businessman, founded the Marriott Corporation (died 1985)

Martha Ostenso, Canadian screenwriter and novelist (died 1963)

Hedwig Ross, New Zealand-born educator and political activist, founding member of the Communist Party of New Zealand (died 1971)

Earl Webb, American baseball player and coach (died 1965)

Anton Irv, Estonian captain (died 1919)

Charles Griffes, American pianist and composer (died 1920)

William Carlos Williams, American poet, short story writer, and essayist (died 1963)

Alfred Carpenter, English admiral, Victoria Cross recipient (died 1955)

Rube Foster, American baseball player and manager (died 1930)

Periyar, Indian social activist and politician (died 1973)

Vincenzo Tommasini, Italian composer (died 1950)

Walter Murdoch, Australian author and academic (died 1970)

Eivind Astrup, Norwegian explorer (died 1895)

Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian political scientist, historian, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1938)

James Alexander Calder, Canadian educator and politician, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence (died 1956)

Vera Yevstafievna Popova, Russian chemist (died 1896)

William Murray McPherson, Australian politician, 31st Premier of Victoria (died 1932)

Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky, Ukrainian writer (died 1913)

James Tancred, English admiral (died 1943)

Mihkel Martna, Estonian journalist and politician (died 1934)

Frank Dawson Adams, Canadian geologist and academic (died 1942)

Billy the Kid, American gunman (died 1881)

I. L. Patterson, American politician, 18th Governor of Oregon (died 1929)

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian scientist and engineer (died 1935)

David Dunbar Buick, Scottish-American businessman, founded Buick Motor Company (died 1929)

Frederick Corbett, British officer and Victoria Cross recipient (died 1912)

Guerra Junqueiro, Portuguese journalist, lawyer, and politician (died 1923)

Bernhard Riemann, German-Italian mathematician and academic (died 1866)

Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar II, American jurist and politician, 16th United States Secretary of the Interior (died 1893)

Arthur Saint-Léon, French choreographer (died 1870)

Émile Augier, French playwright (died 1889)

Earl Van Dorn, Confederate general (died 1863)

Marthinus Wessel Pretorius, South African general and politician, 1st President of the South African Republic (died 1901)

Herman Adolfovich Trautscohold, German geologist and paleontologist (died 1902)

Heinrich Kuhl, German naturalist and zoologist (died 1821)

Teresa Casati, Italian noblewomen and revolutionary (died 1830)

Nadezhda Durova, Russian soldier (died 1866)

Jonathan Alder, American captain and farmer (died 1849)

Johann August Apel, German jurist and author (died 1816)

Marquis de Condorcet, French mathematician and political scientist (died 1794)

John Rutledge, American judge and politician, 2nd Chief Justice of the United States (died 1800)

Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, Prussian-American general (died 1794)

Maria Luisa of Savoy, queen consort of Spain (died 1714)

Hans Herr, Swiss bishop (died 1725)

Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma (died 1694)

Francesco Sacrati, Italian composer (died 1650)

John Prideaux, English administrator and bishop (died 1650)

Edward Fortunatus, German nobleman (died 1600)

Paul V, pope of the Catholic Church (died 1621)

Celio Calcagnini, Italian astronomer (died 1541)

James of Portugal, Portuguese prince and cardinal (died 1459)

Charles the Simple, Frankish king (died 929)

Roger Climpson, English-Australian journalist and television host (born 1932)

Nelson DeMille, American lieutenant and author (born 1943)

Neil King Jr., American journalist and author (born 1959)

JD Souther, American singer, songwriter, and actor (born 1945)

Maarten Schmidt, Dutch astronomer (born 1929)

Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Algerian politician, President of Algeria (born 1937)

Robert W. Gore, American engineer and businessman, co-inventor of Gore-Tex (born 1937)

Cokie Roberts, American journalist and bestselling author (born 1943)

Bobby Heenan, American professional wrestling manager (born 1944)

Bahman Golbarnezhad, Iranian racing cyclist (born 1968)

Sigge Parling, Swedish footballer (born 1936)

Ingrīda Andriņa, Latvian actress (born 1944)

Dettmar Cramer, German footballer and manager (born 1925)

Vadim Kuzmin, Russian physicist and academic (born 1937)

David Willcocks, English organist, composer, and conductor (born 1919)

George Hamilton IV, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1937)

Andriy Husin, Ukrainian footballer and manager (born 1972)

Wakachichibu Komei, Japanese sumo wrestler (born 1939)

Charles Read, Australian air marshal (born 1918)

Peter von Bagh, Finnish historian, director, and screenwriter (born 1943)

China Zorrilla, Uruguayan actress (born 1922)

Kristian Gidlund, Swedish drummer and journalist (born 1983)

Larry Lake, American-Canadian trumpet player and composer (born 1943)

Bernie McGann, Australian saxophonist and composer (born 1937)

Alex Naumik, Lithuanian-Norwegian singer-songwriter and producer (born 1949)

Michael J. Noonan, Irish farmer and politician, 25th Irish Minister of Defence (born 1935)

Marvin Rainwater, American singer-songwriter (born 1925)

Eiji Toyoda, Japanese businessman (born 1913)

Melvin Charney, Canadian sculptor and architect (born 1935)

Colin Madigan, Australian architect and author, designed the National Gallery of Australia (born 1921)

Jacques Lacarrière, French journalist and critic (born 1925)

Alfred Reed, American composer and educator (born 1921)

Erich Hallhuber, German actor (born 1951)

Georgiy Gongadze, Georgian-Ukrainian journalist and director (born 1969)

Frankie Vaughan, English singer and actor (born 1928)

Red Skelton, American actor and comedian (born 1913)

Spiro Agnew, American soldier and politician, 39th Vice President of the United States (born 1918)

Isadore Epstein, Estonian-American astronomer and academic (born 1919)

Lucien Victor, Belgian cyclist (born 1931)

John Delafose, American accordion player (born 1939)

Vitas Gerulaitis, American tennis player and coach (born 1954)

Karl Popper, Austrian-English philosopher and academic (born 1902)

Willie Mosconi, American pool player and actor (born 1913)

Christian Nyby, American director and producer (born 1913)

Roger Wagner, American conductor and educator (born 1914)

Zino Francescatti, French violinist and composer (born 1902)

Laura Ashley, Welsh fashion designer, founded Laura Ashley plc (born 1925)

Richard Basehart, American actor and director (born 1914)

Humberto Sousa Medeiros, Portuguese-American cardinal (born 1915)

Manos Loïzos, Egyptian-Greek composer (born 1937)

Anastasio Somoza Debayle, Nicaraguan commander and politician, 73rd President of Nicaragua (born 1925)

Nicola Moscona, Greek-American operatic bass (born 1907)

Hugo Winterhalter, American bandleader and composer (born 1909)

Akim Tamiroff, American actor (born 1899)

Carlos Lamarca, Brazilian captain (born 1937)

Fritz Wunderlich, German tenor and actor (born 1930)

Alejandro Casona, Spanish poet and playwright (born 1903)

Adnan Menderes, Turkish lawyer and politician, 9th Prime Minister of Turkey (born 1899)

David Munson, American runner (born 1884)

Hans Feige, German general (Wehrmacht) (born 1880)

Jimmy Yancey, American pianist and composer (born 1898)

Ruth Benedict, American anthropologist and academic (born 1887)

Folke Bernadotte, Swedish soldier and diplomat (born 1895)

Friedrich Zickwolff, German general (born 1893)

Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet and author (born 1901)

Walter Dubislav, German logician and philosopher of science, Vienna circle member (born 1895)

Ettie Annie Rout, New Zealand author and activist (born 1877)

Joseph De Piro, Maltese priest and missionary (born 1877)

Stefanos Dragoumis, Greek judge and politician, 92nd Prime Minister of Greece (born 1842)

Thomas Bent, Australian businessman and politician, 22nd Premier of Victoria (born 1838)

Henri Julien, Canadian cartoonist (born 1852)

Thomas Selfridge, American lieutenant and pilot (born 1882)

Ignaz Brüll, Czech-Austrian pianist and composer (born 1846)

Edmonia Lewis, American sculptor (born 1844)

Charles Alfred Pillsbury, American businessman, co-founded the Pillsbury Company (born 1842)

Deng Shichang, Chinese captain (born 1849)

Rudolf von Jhering, German jurist (born 1818)

Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, French architect and theorist (born 1814)

Orélie-Antoine de Tounens, French lawyer and adventurer (born 1825)

Henry Fox Talbot, English photographer, developed the Calotype Process (born 1800)

Roman Nose, Native American warrior (born circa 1823)

Walter Savage Landor, English author and poet (born 1775)

Charles Robert Cockerell, English archaeologist and architect (born 1788)

Alfred de Vigny, French author, poet, and playwright (born 1797)

Lawrence O'Bryan Branch, American politician and Confederate general (born 1820)

William E. Starke, Confederate general (born 1814)

Dred Scott, American slave, plaintiff in the Dred Scott Decision (born 1795)

Francisco Javier Echeverría, Mexican businessman and politician. President (1841) (born 1797)

Antoine Laurent de Jussieu, French botanist and author (born 1748)

Jacques Bernard d'Anselme, French general (born 1740)

Benjamin Bourne, American judge and politician (born 1755)

Franz Xaver Süssmayr, Austrian composer and director (born 1766)

Tobias Smollett, Scottish author and poet (born 1721)

Francesco Geminiani, Italian violinist and composer (born 1687)

Marguerite Louise d'Orléans, French princess (born 1645)

Stanislaus Papczyński, Polish priest and saint (born 1631)

John of Austria the Younger, Spanish general and politician, Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands (born 1629)

Sabbatai Zevi, Turkish rabbi and scholar (born 1626)

Philip IV, king of Spain (born 1605)

Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton, English-Scottish peer

Thomas Lake, English politician, English Secretary of State (born 1567)

Johann Schweikhard von Kronberg, German cleric and politician, Archbishop-Elector of Mainz (born 1553)

Robert Bellarmine, Italian cardinal and saint (born 1542)

Judah Loew ben Bezalel, Bohemian rabbi, mystic and philosopher (born 1520)

Heinrich Bullinger, Swiss theologian and reformer (born 1504)

Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, Spanish admiral and explorer, founded St. Augustine, Florida (born 1519)

Henry Manners, 2nd Earl of Rutland, English soldier (born 1526)

William III, duke of Luxembourg (born 1425)

Constantine II, tsar of Bulgaria

Michael de la Pole, 2nd Earl of Suffolk (born 1367)

Robert III, count of Flanders (born 1249)

Hildegard of Bingen, German abbess and polymath (born 1098)

Conan III, duke of Brittany (born 1070)

Hugh Magnus, king of France (born 1007)

Li Jingsui, Chinese prince (born 920)

Unni, archbishop of Hamburg-Bremen

Remistus, Roman general