October 22 in History

Same-sex marriage is legalised, and abortion is decriminalised in Northern Ireland as a result of the Northern Ireland Assembly not being restored.

Michael Zehaf-Bibeau attacks the Parliament of Canada, killing a soldier and injuring three other people.

The Australian Capital Territory becomes the first Australian jurisdiction to legalize same-sex marriage with the Marriage Equality (Same Sex) Act 2013.

Cyclist Lance Armstrong is formally stripped of his seven Tour de France titles after being charged for doping.

India launches its first uncrewed lunar probe mission Chandrayaan-1.

A raid on Anuradhapura Air Force Base is carried out by 21 Tamil Tiger commandos, with all except one dying in this attack. Eight Sri Lanka Air Force planes are destroyed and ten damaged.

A Panama Canal expansion proposal is approved by 77.8% of voters in a national referendum.

Tropical Storm Alpha forms in the Atlantic Basin, making the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season the most active Atlantic hurricane season until surpassed by the 2020 season.

Bellview Airlines Flight 210 crashes in Nigeria, killing all 117 people on board.

Maurice Papon, an official in the Vichy government during World War II, is jailed for crimes against humanity.

Danish fugitive Steen Christensen kills two police officers, Chief Constable Eero Holsti and Senior Constable Antero Palo, in Ullanlinna, Helsinki, Finland during his prison escape.

Space Shuttle Columbia launches on STS-52 to deploy the LAGEOS-2 satellite and microgravity experiments.

John Adams' opera Nixon in China premiered at the Houston Grand Opera.

Two correctional officers are killed by inmates at the United States Penitentiary in Marion, Illinois. The incident inspires the Supermax model of prisons.

The US Federal Labor Relations Authority votes to decertify the Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization (PATCO) for its strike the previous August.

The Soviet uncrewed space mission Venera 9 lands on Venus.

Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature, though he does not accept the prize.

A BAC One-Eleven prototype airliner crashes in UK with the loss of all on board.

Cuban Missile Crisis: President Kennedy, after internal counsel from Dwight D. Eisenhower, announces that American reconnaissance planes have discovered Soviet nuclear weapons in Cuba, and that he has ordered a naval "quarantine" of the Communist nation.

Over twenty-two hundred engineers and technicians from eastern Germany are forced to relocate to the Soviet Union, along with their families and equipment.

World War II: In the second firestorm raid on Germany, the British Royal Air Force conducts an air raid on the town of Kassel, killing 10,000 and rendering 150,000 homeless.

World War II: French resistance member Guy Môquet and 29 other hostages are executed by the Germans in retaliation for the death of a German officer.

Dod Orsborne, captain of the Girl Pat is convicted of its theft and imprisoned, having caused a media sensation when it went missing.

In East Liverpool, Ohio, FBI agents shoot and kill the notorious bank robber Pretty Boy Floyd.

The royalist Leonardopoulos–Gargalidis coup d'état attempt fails in Greece, discrediting the monarchy and paving the way for the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic.

Hawley Harvey Crippen (the first felon to be arrested with the help of radio) is convicted of poisoning his wife.

A run on the stock of the Knickerbocker Trust Company sets events in motion that will spark the Panic of 1907.

In Paris, an express train derails after overrunning the buffer stop, crossing almost 30 metres (100 ft) of concourse before crashing through a wall and falling 10 metres (33 ft) to the road below.

The International Meridian Conference designates the Royal Observatory, Greenwich as the world's prime meridian.

The Metropolitan Opera House in New York City opens with a performance of Charles Gounod's Faust.

Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric incandescent light bulb; the bulb lasted 131⁄2 hours before burning out.

The Blantyre mining disaster in Scotland kills 207 miners.

A plebiscite ratifies the annexation of Veneto and Mantua to Italy, which had occurred three days before on October 19.

Spain declares war on Morocco.

The Millerites (followers of Baptist preacher William Miller) anticipate the end of the world in conjunction with the Second Advent of Christ. The following day becomes known as the Great Disappointment.

Sam Houston is inaugurated as the first President of the Republic of Texas.

André-Jacques Garnerin makes the first recorded parachute jump, from 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) above Paris.

Northwest Indian War: Native American forces defeat the United States, ending the Harmar Campaign.

American Revolutionary War: American defenders of Fort Mercer on the Delaware River repulse repeated Hessian attacks in the Battle of Red Bank.

The College of New Jersey (later renamed Princeton University) receives its charter.

The War of Jenkins' Ear begins with the first attack on La Guaira.

Construction of the Ladoga Canal is completed in Russia.

J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Schmücke dich, o liebe Seele (Adorn yourself, O dear soul) in Leipzig on the 20th Sunday after Trinity, based on the communion hymn of the same name.

The Russian Empire is proclaimed by Tsar Peter I after the Swedish defeat in the Great Northern War.

The male line of the Portuguese House of Burgundy becomes extinct with the death of King Fernando, leaving only his daughter Beatrice. Rival claimants begin a period of civil war and disorder.

Abbasid general Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh leads a raid against the Byzantine Empire, taking 4,000–5,000 captives.

Japanese Emperor Kanmu relocates his empire's capital to Heian-kyō (now Kyoto).

The Chalcedonian Creed, regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, is adopted by the Council of Chalcedon, an ecumenical council.

A solar eclipse occurs over China, one of the earliest recorded in human history, reportedly resulting in the executions of two astronomers who failed to predict it.

Brian Branch, American football player

Jo Yu-ri, South Korean singer and actress

Baby Keem, American rapper and record producer

Geraldo Perdomo, Dominican baseball player

Roddy Ricch, American rapper

Jan Köstering, German politician

B.I, South Korean rapper, singer-songwriter and producer

Johannes Høsflot Klæbo, Norwegian ski runner

Corbin Burnes, American baseball player

Charalambos Lykogiannis, Greek footballer

21 Savage, British-American rapper

Sofia Vassilieva, American actress

Jonathan Lipnicki, American actor

David Savard, Canadian ice hockey player

JPEGMafia, American rapper and singer

Muhammad Wilkerson, American football player

Sarah Barrow, English diver

Parineeti Chopra, Indian actress

Corey Hawkins, American actor

Tiki Gelana, Ethiopian runner

Donny Montell, Lithuanian singer-songwriter

Park Ha-sun, South Korean actress

Chancellor, South Korean-American musician

Kyle Gallner, American actor

Kara Lang, Canadian soccer player

Ștefan Radu, Romanian footballer

Aleks Marić, Australian basketball player

Antti Pihlström, Finnish ice hockey player

Byul, South Korean singer

Plan B, British singer and actor

Robinson Canó, Dominican baseball player

Heath Miller, American football player

Darren O'Day, American baseball player

Mark Renshaw, Australian cyclist

Michael Fishman, American actor and producer

Niall Breslin, Irish singer-songwriter, guitarist, producer, and footballer

Luke O'Donnell, Australian rugby league player

Jannero Pargo, American basketball player and coach

Chaswe Nsofwa, Zambian footballer (died 2007)

Owais Shah, Pakistani-English cricketer

Luke Adams, Australian race walker

Martín Cardetti, Argentinian footballer and manager

Jesse Tyler Ferguson, American actor

Míchel Salgado, Spanish footballer

Tim Kinsella, American singer-songwriter

Miroslav Šatan, Slovak ice hockey player

D'Lo Brown, American wrestler

Andrés Palop, Spanish footballer and manager

Ichiro Suzuki, Japanese baseball player

Mark van der Zijden, Dutch swimmer

Saffron Burrows, English-American actress

Amanda Coetzer, South African tennis player

Kornél Dávid, Hungarian basketball player

José Manuel Martínez, Spanish runner

Jennifer Lee, American filmmaker

Winston Bogarde, Dutch footballer and manager

Javier Milei, Argentine politician and economist, President of Argentina

Julio Borges, Venezuelan politician

Héctor Carrasco, Dominican baseball player

Spike Jonze, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Helmut Lotti, Belgian singer-songwriter

Coque Malla, Spanish musician and actor

Stephanie Cutter, American lawyer and political consultant

Shelby Lynne, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Stéphane Quintal, Canadian ice hockey player

Shaggy, Jamaican singer-songwriter and DJ

Salvatore Di Vittorio, Italian composer and conductor

Oona King, Baroness King of Bow, British business executive and politician

Ulrike Maier, Austrian skier (died 1994)

Carlos Mencia, Honduran-American comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter

Ron Tugnutt, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and sportscaster

Yuri Arbachakov, Russian-Japanese boxer

Maelo Ruiz, New York City-born Puerto Rican Salsa romántica singer

Sumito Estévez, Venezuelan chef

Valeria Golino, Italian actress

John Wesley Harding, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

A. L. Kennedy, Scottish comedian, journalist, and author

Otis Smith, American football player and coach

Piotr Wiwczarek, Polish singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

TobyMac, American singer-songwriter and producer

Dražen Petrović, Croatian basketball player (died 1993)

Amit Shah, Indian politician, Minister of Home Affairs (since 2019).

Brian Boitano, American figure skater

Bob Odenkirk, American actor and comedian

Barbara Potter, American tennis player

Darryl Jenifer, American bass player

Cris Kirkwood, American singer-songwriter and bass player

Arto Salminen, Finnish journalist and author (died 2005)

Marc Shaiman, American composer and songwriter

Bobby Blotzer, American drummer

Henry Lauterbach, German jumper

Daniel Melingo, Argentine musician

Alejandro Kuropatwa, Argentine photographer (died 2003)

John Adam, Australian rugby league player

Graham Joyce, English author and educator (died 2014)

René Arce Islas, Mexican politician

Julie Dash, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Jeff Goldblum, American actor and producer

Donald Ramotar, Guyanese politician, 8th President of Guyana

Stiv Bators, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (died 1990)

Vasilios Magginas, Greek politician, Greek Minister of Employment (died 2015)

Manfred Trojahn, German flute player, composer, and conductor

Arsène Wenger, French footballer and manager

Mike Hendrick, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (died 2021)

Debbie Macomber, American author

Raymond Bachand, Canadian lawyer and politician

Haley Barbour, American lawyer and politician, 62nd Governor of Mississippi

Adam Gondvi, Indian poet (died 2011)

Claude Charron, Canadian educator and politician

Godfrey Chitalu, Zambian footballer (died 1993)

Deepak Chopra, Indian-American physician and author

Elizabeth Connell, South African mezzo-soprano (died 2012)

Kelvin MacKenzie, English journalist

Jaime Nebot, Ecuadorian politician

Yvan Ponton, Canadian actor and game show host

Sheila Sherwood, English long jumper

Michael Stoute, Barbadian-English horse trainer

Leslie West, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2020)

Allen Coage, American-Canadian wrestler and coach (died 2007)

Catherine E. Coulson, American actress (died 2015)

Jan de Bont, Dutch director, producer, and cinematographer

Catherine Deneuve, French actress and singer

Seif Sharif Hamad, Zanzibari politician, 2nd Chief Minister of Zanzibar (died 2021)

Bobby Fuller, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1966)

Annette Funicello, American actress and singer (died 2013)

Pedro Morales, Puerto Rican wrestler (died 2019)

Charles Keating, English-American actor (died 2014)

Joaquim Chissano, Mozambican politician, 2nd President of Mozambique

George Cohen, English footballer (died 2022)

Tony Roberts, American actor and singer (died 2025)

K. Indrapala, Sri Lankan historian and academic

Derek Jacobi, English actor

Christopher Lloyd, American actor, comedian and producer

César Luis Menotti, Argentine footballer and manager (died 2024)

Alan Ladd Jr., American film producer and executive (died 2022)

José Larralde, Argentine singer-songwriter

Manos Loïzos, Egyptian-Greek composer (died 1982)

John Blashford-Snell, English soldier, author, and explorer

Peter Cook, English architect and academic

Jovan Pavlović, Serbian metropolitan (died 2014)

Bobby Seale, American political activist and author, co-founder of the Black Panther Party

Donald McIntyre, New Zealand opera singer

Carlos Alberto Sacheri, Argentine philosopher and martyr (died 1974)

Helmut Senekowitsch, Austrian footballer and manager (died 2007)

Ann Rule, American police officer and author (died 2015)

Estela de Carlotto, Argentine human rights activist

José Guardiola, Spanish singer (died 2012)

Michael Birkett, 2nd Baron Birkett, English director and producer (died 2015)

Lev Yashin, Russian footballer (died 1990)

Clare Fischer, American pianist, composer and arranger (died 2012)

Nelson Pereira dos Santos, Brazilian director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2018)

Allan Hendrickse, South African minister and politician (died 2005)

Slater Martin, American basketball player and coach (died 2012)

Edith Kawelohea McKinzie, Hawaiian genealogist, author, and hula expert (died 2014)

Dory Previn, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2012)

Robert Rauschenberg, American painter and illustrator (died 2008)

Bert Trautmann, German footballer and coach (died 2013)

Georges Brassens, French singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1981)

Aleksandr Kronrod, Russian mathematician and computer scientist (died 1986)

Harald Nugiseks, Estonian sergeant (died 2014)

Timothy Leary, American psychologist and author (died 1996)

Doris Lessing, British novelist, poet, playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2013)

Lou Klein, American baseball player, coach, and manager (died 1976)

Joan Fontaine, English-American actress (died 2013)

Yitzhak Shamir, Belarusian-Israeli civil servant and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Israel (died 2012)

Robert Capa, Hungarian-American photographer and journalist (died 1954)

Bảo Đại, Vietnamese emperor (died 1997)

Hans-Peter Tschudi, Swiss lawyer and politician, 63rd President of the Swiss Confederation (died 2002)

John Gould, American journalist and author (died 2003)

José Escobar Saliente, Spanish cartoonist (died 1994)

Jimmie Foxx, American baseball player (died 1967)

Günther Treptow, German tenor (died 1981)

Kees van Baaren, Dutch composer and educator (died 1970)

Aurelio Baldor, Cuban mathematician and lawyer (died 1978)

Joseph Kosma, Hungarian-French pianist and composer (died 1969)

Constance Bennett, American actress, singer, and producer (died 1965)

Saúl Calandra, Argentine football player (died 1973)

Karl Guthe Jansky, American physicist and radio engineer (died 1950)

George Wells Beadle, American geneticist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1989)

Curly Howard, American comedian and vaudevillian (died 1952)

Salarrué, Salvadoran writer and painter (died 1975)

Dámaso Alonso, Spanish poet and philologist (died 1990)

Marjorie Flack, American author and illustrator (died 1958)

Charles Glen King, American biochemist and academic (died 1988)

José Leitão de Barros, Portuguese film director and playwright (died 1967)

Johnny Morrison, professional baseball player (died 1966)

Mei Lanfang, Chinese actor and singer (died 1961)

Ernst Öpik, Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist (died 1985)

Luis Otero, Spanish footballer (died 1955)

John Reed, American journalist and poet (died 1920)

Erik Bergman, Swedish minister (died 1970)

Giovanni Martinelli, Italian tenor and actor (died 1969)

Edmund Dulac, French-English illustrator (died 1953)

N. C. Wyeth, American painter and illustrator (died 1945)

Clinton Davisson, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1958)

Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz, German geophysicist and seismologist (died 1908)

Théodore Monbeig, French Catholic missionary and botanist (died 1914)

David van Embden, Dutch economist and politician (died 1962)

Gustaf John Ramstedt, Finnish linguist and diplomat (died 1950)

Rama Tirtha, Indian philosopher and educator (died 1906)

Ivan Bunin, Russian author and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1953)

Lord Alfred Douglas, English author and poet (died 1945)

Borghild Holmsen, Norwegian pianist, composer and music critic (died 1938)

Kristjan Raud, Estonian painter and illustrator (died 1943)

Prince Ludwig Ferdinand of Bavaria (died 1949)

Augusta Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein (died 1921)

Charles Kingston, Australian politician, 20th Premier of South Australia (died 1908)

Koos de la Rey, South African Boer general (died 1914)

Sarah Bernhardt, French actress and manager (died 1923)

Louis Riel, Canadian Métis scholar and politician (died 1885)

James Strachan-Davidson, English classical scholar, academic administrator, translator, and author (died 1916)

August Labitzky, Czech composer and conductor (died 1903)

Collis Potter Huntington, American businessman (died 1900)

Leconte de Lisle, French poet and author (died 1894)

Franz Liszt, Hungarian pianist and composer (died 1886)

Volney Howard, American lawyer, jurist, and statesman, Texas Attorney General (died 1889)

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque, Ottoman-French polymath and naturalist (died 1840)

Louis Joseph, Dauphin of France (died 1789)

Javier de Burgos, Spanish jurist and politician (died 1848)

Cornelis van der Aa, Dutch historian and bookseller (died 1816)

Johann Reinhold Forster, German pastor and botanist (died 1798)

Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress (died 1756)

John V, Portuguese king (died 1750)

Georg Ernst Stahl, German chemist and physician (died 1734)

Gustav Horn, Count of Pori (died 1657)

Joachim Jungius, German mathematician and philosopher (died 1657)

Erasmus Reinhold, German astronomer and mathematician (died 1553)

Juntoku, Japanese emperor (died 1242)

William IX, Duke of Aquitaine (died 1126)

Qian Weijun, king of Wuyue (died 991)

Richard A. Cash, American global health researcher (born 1941)

Grizzly 399, American grizzly bear (born 1996)

Gustavo Gutiérrez, Peruvian philosopher, theologian and priest (born 1928)

Lynda Obst, American film producer and author (born 1950)

Fernando Valenzuela, Mexican baseball player, coach, and sportscaster (born 1960)

Peter Scolari, American actor (born 1955)

George Young, Australian musician, songwriter and record producer (born 1946)

Paul Weitz, American astronaut (born 1932)

Steve Dillon, British comic book artist (born 1962)

Sheri S. Tepper, American writer (born 1929)

Willem Aantjes, Dutch civil servant and politician (born 1923)

Çetin Altan, Turkish journalist and politician (born 1927)

Murphy Anderson, American illustrator (born 1926)

Arnold Klein, American dermatologist and author (born 1945)

Joshua Wheeler, American sergeant (born 1975)

George Francis, English footballer and soldier (born 1934)

John-Roger Hinkins, American religious leader and author (born 1934)

Ashok Kumar, Indian director and cinematographer (born 1941)

John Postgate, English microbiologist, author, and academic (born 1922)

Marylou Dawes, Canadian pianist and educator (born 1933)

Lajos Für, Hungarian historian and politician, Minister of Defence of Hungary (born 1930)

William Harrison, American author and screenwriter (born 1933)

James Robinson Risner, American general and pilot (born 1925)

Betty Binns Fletcher, American lawyer and judge (born 1923)

Mike Morris, English talk show host (born 1946)

Gabrielle Roth, American dancer, singer, and author (born 1941)

Sultan bin Abdulaziz, Saudi Arabian prince (born 1930)

Eio Sakata, Japanese Go player (born 1920)

Don Lane, American-Australian actor, singer, and talk show host (born 1933)

Soupy Sales, American comedian and actor (born 1926)

Ève Curie, French pianist and journalist (born 1904)

Arthur Hill, Canadian-American actor (born 1922)

Arman, French-American painter and sculptor (born 1928)

Tony Adams, Irish-American actor and producer (born 1953)

Richard Helms, American intelligence agent and diplomat, 8th Director of Central Intelligence (born 1913)

Geraldine of Albania, Hungarian noblewoman and Queen of Albania (born 1915)

Helmut Krackowizer, Austrian motorcycle racer and journalist (born 1922)

Leonid Amalrik, Russian animator, director, and screenwriter (born 1905)

Evdokia Reshetnik, Ukrainian zoologist

Kingsley Amis, English novelist, poet, critic (born 1922)

Mary Wickes, American actress and singer (born 1910)

Innes Ireland, English racing driver and engineer (born 1930)

Red Barber, American sportscaster (born 1908)

Cleavon Little, American actor (born 1939)

Hachiro Kasuga, Japanese singer and actor (born 1924)

Louis Althusser, Algerian-French philosopher and academic (born 1918)

Ewan MacColl, English singer-songwriter, producer, actor, and playwright (born 1915)

Jacob Wetterling, American kidnapping victim (born 1978)

Cynthia Freeman, American author (born 1915)

Lino Ventura, Italian-French actor (born 1919)

Jane Dornacker, American musician, comedian, and reporter (born 1947)

Thorgeir Stubø, Norwegian guitarist and composer (born 1943)

Ye Jianying, Chinese general and politician, Head of State of the People's Republic of China (born 1897)

Albert Szent-Györgyi, Hungarian-American physiologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1893)

Viorica Ursuleac, Romanian soprano and educator (born 1894)

Richard Hugo, American poet of the Pacific Northwest (born 1923)

Nadia Boulanger, French composer and educator (born 1887)

Mieko Kamiya, Japanese psychiatrist and author (born 1914)

Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist and conductor (born 1876)

James K. Baxter, New Zealand poet, writer, theologian, and social commentator. (born 1926)

Muriel George, English singer and actress (born 1883)

Joseph Cahill, Australian politician, 29th Premier of New South Wales (born 1891)

Hannah Mitchell, English activist (born 1872)

Jibanananda Das, Bangladeshi-Indian author and poet (born 1899)

Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist, and eugenicist (born 1874)

Guy Môquet, French militant (born 1924)

Edward Carson, Irish-English lawyer and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (born 1854)

Ettore Marchiafava, Italian physician (born 1847)

Pretty Boy Floyd, American gangster (born 1904)

Andrew Fisher, Scottish-Australian lawyer and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Australia (born 1862)

Bob Fitzsimmons, English-American boxer (born 1863)

Charles Pardey Lukis, founder of the Indian Journal of Medical Research and later Director-General of the Indian Medical Service (born 1857)

Konishiki Yasokichi I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 17th Yokozuna (born 1866)

Paul Cézanne, French painter (born 1839)

Herman Adolfovich Trautschold, German geologist and paleontologist (born 1817)

Ernst von Fleischl-Marxow, Austrian physiologist and physician (born 1846)

Lewis Majendie, English politician (born 1835)

George Coulthard, Australian cricketer and footballer (born 1856)

Thomas Mayne Reid, Irish British novelist and soldier (born 1818)

Louis Spohr, German violinist and composer (born 1784)

Juan Antonio Lavalleja, Uruguayan revolutionary general and politician, President of Uruguay (born 1784)

Guillaume Le Gentil, French astronomer (born 1725)

William IV, Prince of Orange (born 1711)

Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian and academic (born 1636)

Kikkawa Hiroie, Japanese daimyō (born 1561)

Domingo Báñez, Spanish theologian (born 1528)

Jean Grolier de Servières, French book collector (born 1479)

James Douglas, 1st Earl of Morton, Scottish earl (born 1426)

Ferdinand I of Portugal, Portuguese king (born 1345)

Abo, Japanese prince (born 792)

Charles Martel, Frankish political and military leader (born 688)

Itzamnaaj K'awiil, a Maya ruler of Dos Pilas