October 18 in History

NASA Astronauts Jessica Meir and Christina Koch take part in the first all-female spacewalk when they venture out of the International Space Station to replace a power controller.

Riots in Chile's capital Santiago escalate into open battles, with attacks reported at nearly all of the city's 164 Metro stations. President Sebastián Piñera later announces a 15-day state of emergency in the capital.

Karachi bombing: A suicide attack on a motorcade carrying former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto kills 139 and wounds 450 more. Bhutto herself is uninjured.

Bolivian gas conflict: Bolivian President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada is forced to resign and leave Bolivia.

Merpati Nustantara Airlines Flight 5601 crashes into Mount Papandayan near the town of Garut in West Java, Indonesia, killing 31.

The Supreme Council of Azerbaijan adopts a declaration of independence from the Soviet Union.

The Space Shuttle Atlantis launches on STS-34 to deploy the Jupiter-bound Galileo space probe.

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) begins allowing people to have home satellite earth stations without a federal government license.

Based on the world's first children's art museum, the Henrik Igityan National Centre for Aesthetics opened in Yerevan.

German Autumn: A set of events revolving around the kidnapping of Hanns Martin Schleyer and the hijacking of a Lufthansa flight by the Red Army Faction (RAF) comes to an end when Schleyer is murdered and various RAF members allegedly commit suicide.

The Soviet probe Venera 4 reaches Venus and becomes the first spacecraft to measure the atmosphere of another planet.

Félicette, a black and white female Parisian stray cat, becomes the first cat launched into space.

Texas Instruments announces the Regency TR-1, the first mass-produced transistor radio.

The USSR's nuclear program receives plans for the United States plutonium bomb from Klaus Fuchs at the Los Alamos National Laboratory.

A group of the Venezuelan Armed Forces, led by Mario Vargas, Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, stages a coup d'état against president Isaías Medina Angarita, who is overthrown by the end of the day.

Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón marries actress Eva Duarte.

World War II: Soviet Union begins the liberation of Czechoslovakia from Nazi Germany.

World War II: The state funeral of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel takes place in Ulm, Germany.

The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council overrules the Supreme Court of Canada in Edwards v. Canada when it declares that women are considered "Persons" under Canadian law.

The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) is founded by a consortium, to establish a nationwide network of radio transmitters to provide a national broadcasting service.

The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is formed as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.

The Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement is founded in Germany.

First Balkan War: King Peter I of Serbia issues a declaration "To the Serbian People", as his country joins the war.

Count Bernhard von Bülow becomes chancellor of Germany.

The United States takes possession of Puerto Rico from Spain.

Johannes Brahms conducts the premiere of his Double Concerto, composed for violinist Joseph Joachim and cellist Robert Hausmann.

United States takes possession of Alaska after purchasing it from Russia for $7.2 million. Celebrated annually in the state as Alaska Day.

The Second Opium War finally ends at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty.

Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale by Richard Bentley of London.

American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American Siege of Savannah is lifted.

African-American poet Phillis Wheatley is freed from slavery.

American Revolutionary War: The Burning of Falmouth (now Portland, Maine).

Signing of the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of the Austrian Succession.

Boston shoemakers form the first American labor organization.

Frendraught Castle in Scotland, the home of James Crichton of Frendraught, burns down.

Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia, defeats the Army of Andrew Báthory in the Battle of Șelimbăr, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanian people.

King Philip II of Spain sends his third and final armada against England, but it ends in failure due to storms. The remaining ships are captured or sunk by the English.

Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture the Portuguese trading carrack in the Battle of Fukuda Bay, the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West.

In Japan the fourth Battle of Kawanakajima is fought between the forces of Uesugi Kenshin and Takeda Shingen, resulting in a draw.

Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto's forces destroy the fortified town of Mabila in present-day Alabama, killing Tuskaloosa.

Basel earthquake, the most significant historic seismological event north of the Alps, destroys the town of Basel, Switzerland.

Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon for usurping the crown of Sicily (a sentence renewed on 7 May and 18 November 1282).

Michael the Syrian, one of the most important Syriac historians, is consecrated as Syriac Orthodox Patriarch at the Mor Bar Sauma Monastery.

The Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Dyrrhachium.

The Danes defeat the English in the Battle of Assandun.

The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock.

Dagobert I is crowned King of the Franks.

King Chlothar II promulgates the Edict of Paris (Edictum Chlotacharii), a sort of Frankish Magna Carta that defends the rights of the Frankish nobles while it excludes Jews from all civil employment in the Frankish Kingdom.

Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philosopher, observes an eclipse of the Sun and writes a commentary on The Great Astronomer (Almagest).

Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self-inflicted starvation.

Sophie Thatcher, American actress

Janalynn Castelino, Italian-Indian singer-songwriter

Terance Mann, American basketball player

Enhō Akira, Japanese sumo wrestler

Pascal Wehrlein, German-Mauritian race car driver

Ivan Cavaleiro, Portuguese footballer

John John Florence, American surfer

Barry Keoghan, Irish actor

Roly Bonevacia, Dutch footballer

Tyler Posey, American actor and musician

Toby Regbo, English actor

Zohran Mamdani, American politician, mayor of New York City

Drew Crawford, American basketball player

Brittney Griner, American basketball player

Bristol Palin, American public speaker and reality television personality

Laci Green, American YouTube personality, video blogger, sex educator, and activist

Joy Lauren, American actress, director, and producer

Riisa Naka, Japanese model and actress

Tessa Schram, Dutch director and actress

Zac Efron, American actor and singer

Freja Beha Erichsen, Danish model

Wilma Elles, German actress and fashion designer

Yoenis Céspedes, Cuban baseball player

Andrew Garcia, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Robert Harting, German discus thrower

Freida Pinto, Indian actress and model

Esperanza Spalding, American singer-songwriter and bassist

Lindsey Vonn, American skier

Milo Yiannopoulos, British journalist and public speaker

Dante, Brazilian footballer

Thierry Amiel, French singer-songwriter

Michael Dingsdag, Dutch footballer

Simon Gotch, American wrestler

Mark Sampson, Welsh footballer and manager

Nathan Hauritz, Australian cricketer

Tina Hergold, Slovenian tennis player

Greg Warren, American football player

Birsen Yavuz, Turkish sprinter and hurdler

Jaroslav Drobný, Czech footballer

Ne-Yo, American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, and actor

Damon Scott, British entertainer

Mike Tindall, English rugby player

Kenji Wu, Taiwanese singer-songwriter and actor

Flavia Colgan, Brazilian-American journalist

Kunal Kapoor, Indian actor

Ryan Nelsen, New Zealand-American soccer player and coach

David Vuillemin, French motorcycle racer

Alex Cora, Puerto Rican baseball player and manager

Josh Sawyer, American video game designer

Robbie Savage, Welsh footballer and sportscaster

Peter Svensson, Swedish guitarist and songwriter

Amish Tripathi, Indian author

Zhou Xun, Chinese actress and singer

Stephen Allan, Australian golfer

James Foley, American photographer and journalist (died 2014)

Michalis Kapsis, Greek footballer

Rachel Nichols, American journalist and sportscaster

Sarah Winckless, English rower

Mika Ninagawa, Japanese photographer and director

Alex Tagliani, Canadian race car driver

Nick O'Hern, Australian golfer

Doug Mirabelli, American baseball player and coach

Mike Starink, Dutch television host and actor

Volker Neumüller, German talent manager

Nelson Vivas, Argentinian footballer, coach, and manager

Rhod Gilbert, Welsh comedian

Stuart Law, Australian cricketer and coach

Michael Stich, German tennis player and sportscaster

Eric Stuart, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and voice actor

Dave Price, American journalist and game show host

Zakir Naik, Indian Islamic preacher; founder and president of the Islamic Research Foundation (IRF)

Curtis Stigers, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Dan Lilker, American singer-songwriter and bass player

Charles Stross, English journalist, author, and programmer

Sigvart Dagsland, Norwegian singer, pianist and composer

Min Ko Naing, Burmese activist

Vincent Spano, American actor, director, and producer

Wynton Marsalis, American trumpet player, composer, and educator

Rick Moody, American author and composer

Gladstone Small, Barbadian-English cricketer

Erin Moran, American actress (died 2017)

Jean-Claude Van Damme, Belgian martial artist, actor, and producer, and screenwriter

Kirby Chambliss, American pilot

Mauricio Funes, Salvadoran politician, former president of El Salvador (died 2025)

Milcho Manchevski, Macedonian-American director and screenwriter

John Nord, American wrestler

Thomas Hearns, American boxer

Megumi Ishii, Japanese actress and politician

Letitia James, American lawyer, activist and politician

Kjell Samuelsson, Swedish ice hockey player and coach

Jon Lindstrom, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Catherine Ringer, French singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress

Craig Bartlett, American animator, producer, screenwriter, and voice actor

Martina Navratilova, Czech-American tennis player and coach

Jim Talent, American lawyer and politician

Jean-Pierre Hautier, Belgian journalist and television host (died 2012)

Vanessa Briscoe Hay, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player

Timmy Mallett, English radio and television host

Stu Mead, American painter and illustrator

David Twohy, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Rita Verdonk, Dutch journalist and politician, Dutch Minister of Justice

Denis Watson, Zimbabwean golfer

Mark Welland, English physicist and academic

Nick Houghton, English general

Arliss Howard, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Bob Weinstein, American film executive

Roy Dias, Sri Lankan cricketer and coach

Paul Geroski, American-English economist and academic (died 2005)

Chuck Lorre, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Patrick Morrow, Canadian mountaineer and photographer

Bảo Ninh, Vietnamese soldier and author

Allen Ripley, American baseball player (died 2014)

Jerry Royster, American baseball player, coach, and manager

Mike Antonovich, American ice hockey player and coach

Pam Dawber, American actress and producer

Terry McMillan, American author and screenwriter

David Normington, English civil servant and politician

Nic Potter, English bass player and songwriter (died 2013)

Wendy Wasserstein, American playwright and author (died 2006)

George Hendrick, American baseball player and coach

Gary Richrath, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (died 2015)

Hans Köchler, Austrian philosopher, author, and academic

Ntozake Shange, American author, poet, and playwright (died 2018)

Paul Chuckle, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter

Job Cohen, Dutch scholar and politician, Mayor of Amsterdam

John Johnson, American basketball player (died 2016)

Joe Morton, American actor

Laura Nyro, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1997)

Gary Sullivan, Australian rugby league player

James Robert Baker, American author and screenwriter (died 1997)

Frank Beamer, American football player and coach

Joe Egan, Scottish singer-songwriter (died 2024)

Dafydd Elis-Thomas, Welsh academic and politician (died 2025)

Howard Shore, Canadian composer, conductor, and producer

Huell Howser, American television host and actor (died 2013)

Chris Shays, American politician

Christine Charbonneau, Canadian singer-songwriter (died 2014)

Birthe Rønn Hornbech, Danish police officer and politician, Danish Minister for Ecclesiastical Affairs

Gianfranco Ravasi, Italian cardinal and scholar

Timothy Bell, Baron Bell, English businessman (died 2019)

Martha Burk, American psychologist and author

Talitha Getty, actress and model of Dutch extraction (died 1971)

Cynthia Weil, American songwriter (died 2023)

Flavio Cotti, Swiss lawyer and politician, 82nd President of the Swiss Confederation (died 2020)

Mike Ditka, American football player, coach, and sportscaster

Lee Harvey Oswald, American assassin of John F. Kennedy (died 1963)

Paddy Reilly, Irish folk singer and guitarist

Jan Erik Vold, Norwegian poet, author, and translator

Robert Dove, American lawyer and politician (died 2021)

Dawn Wells, American model and actress, Miss Nevada 1959 (died 2020)

Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino, Cuban cardinal (died 2019)

Peter Boyle, American actor (died 2006)

Inger Stevens, Swedish-American actress (died 1970)

Forrest Gregg, American football player and coach (died 2019)

Irwin M. Jacobs, American electrical engineer, businessman, and entrepreneur

Ludovico Scarfiotti, Italian race car driver (died 1968)

Roger Climpson, English-Australian journalist (died 2025)

Vytautas Landsbergis, Lithuanian musicologist and politician

Chris Albertson, Icelandic-American historian, journalist, and producer (died 2019)

Ien Dales, Dutch civil servant and politician, Dutch Minister of the Interior (died 1994)

Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun, Scottish politician (died 2024)

Esther Hautzig, Lithuanian-American author (died 2009)

Violeta Chamorro, Nicaraguan publisher and politician, President of Nicaragua (died 2025)

Hillard Elkins, American producer and manager (died 2010)

Kees Fens, Dutch author and critic (died 2008)

Frank Stanmore, Australian rugby league player (died 2005)

Maurice El Mediouni, Algerian pianist and composer (died 2024)

Keith Jackson, American sportscaster and actor (died 2018)

Dick Taverne, English lawyer and politician (died 2025)

Marv Rotblatt, American baseball player (died 2013)

George C. Scott, American actor and director (died 1999)

Chuck Berry, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2017)

Klaus Kinski, German-American actor, director, and screenwriter (died 1991)

Ramiz Alia, Albanian politician, 1st President of Albania (died 2011)

Buddy MacMaster, Canadian singer-songwriter and fiddler (died 2014)

Jessie Mae Hemphill, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2008)

Jerry Cooke, Ukrainian-American photographer and journalist (died 2005)

Jesse Helms, American journalist and politician (died 2008)

Beatrice Helen Worsley, Mexican-Canadian computer scientist and academic (died 1972)

Melina Mercouri, Greek actress, singer, and politician, 9th Greek Minister of Culture (died 1994)

Ric Nordman, Canadian captain and politician (died 1996)

Anita O'Day, American singer (died 2006)

Pierre Trudeau, Canadian lawyer, academic, and politician, 15th Prime Minister of Canada (died 2000)

Camilla Williams, American soprano and educator (died 2012)

Molly Geertsema, Dutch lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 1991)

Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Greek lawyer and politician, 178th Prime Minister of Greece (died 2017)

Bobby Troup, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (died 1999)

Victor Sen Yung, American actor (died 1980)

Raymond Lambert, Swiss mountaineer (died 1997)

Norberto Bobbio, Italian philosopher and theorist (died 2004)

James Brooks, American painter and educator (died 1992)

Jan Gies, Dutch activist (died 1993)

Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Ivorian union leader and politician, 1st President of Côte d'Ivoire (died 1993)

Aarne Juutilainen, Finnish army captain (died 1976)

A. J. Liebling, American journalist and author (died 1963)

Haim Shirman, Ukrainian-Israeli scholar and academic (died 1981)

Lina Radke, German runner and coach (died 1983)

Miriam Hopkins, American actress (died 1972)

Pascual Jordan, German physicist and theorist (died 1980)

Lotte Lenya, Austrian singer and actress (died 1981)

Isabel Briggs Myers, American theorist and author (died 1980)

H. L. Davis, American author and poet (died 1960)

Tibor Déry, Hungarian author and translator (died 1977)

Sidney Holland, New Zealand lieutenant and politician, 25th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1961)

George Ohsawa, Japanese philosopher and academic (died 1966)

Paul Vermoyal, French actor (died 1925)

Takashi Sakai, Japanese general and politician, Governor of Hong Kong (died 1946)

Väinö Kivisalo, Finnish politician (died 1953)

Lucien Petit-Breton, French cyclist (died 1917)

Max Gerson, German-born American physician (died 1959)

Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Ukrainian-Russian general, journalist, and theorist (died 1940)

James Truslow Adams, American historian and author (died 1949)

Len Braund, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (died 1955)

Ivanoe Bonomi, Italian lawyer and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Italy (died 1951)

Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian poet and author (died 1936)

D. T. Suzuki, Japanese author and scholar (died 1966)

Johannes Linnankoski, Finnish author (died 1913)

Ernst Didring, Swedish author (died 1931)

Arie de Jong, Dutch linguist and author (died 1957)

Logan Pearsall Smith, American-English author and critic (died 1946)

Mehmet Esat Bülkat, Ottoman general (died 1952)

Henri Bergson, French philosopher and theologian, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1941)

Billy Murdoch, Australian cricketer (died 1911)

Basil Hall Chamberlain, English-Swiss historian, author, and academic (died 1935)

Frederick August Otto Schwarz, American businessman, founded FAO Schwarz (died 1911)

Frederick III, German Emperor (died 1888)

Midhat Pasha, Ottoman civil servant and politician, 238th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (died 1883)

Mongkut, Thai king (died 1868)

Lucas Alamán, Mexican politician and historian (died 1853)

Thomas Love Peacock, English author and poet (died 1866)

Heinrich von Kleist, German author and poet (died 1811)

Thomas Phillips, English artist (died 1845)

Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and author (died 1803)

Baldassare Galuppi, Italian harpsichord player and composer (died 1785)

Charles le Beau, French historian and author (died 1778)

John George IV, Elector of Saxony (died 1694)

Prince Eugene of Savoy (died 1736)

Matthew Henry, Welsh minister and scholar (died 1714)

Abraham van Riebeeck, South African-Dutch merchant and politician, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (died 1713)

Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (died 1705)

Henry Powle, English politician (died 1692)

Nicholas Culpeper, English botanist (died 1654)

Edward Winslow, American Pilgrim leader (died 1655)

Lady Mary Wroth, English poet (died 1651)

Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (died 1599)

Justus Lipsius, Belgian philologist and scholar (died 1606)

William Lambarde, English antiquarian and politician (died 1601)

Anna Jagiellon, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland (died 1596)

Manuel da Nóbrega, Portuguese-Brazilian priest and missionary (died 1570)

Philipp III, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (died 1538)

John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk (died 1476)

Pope Pius II (died 1464)

Zhu Xi, Chinese philosopher (died 1200)

Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan (died 1192)

Sam Rivers, American bassist (born 1977)

Yang Chen-Ning, Chinese theoretical physicist (born 1922)

Lia Smith, American diver and transgender rights advocate.

Yehuda Bauer, Israeli historian of the Holocaust (born 1926)

Ginés González García, Argentine politician and physician (born 1945)

Harvey Wollman, American politician, 26th Governor of South Dakota (born 1935)

Colin Powell, American military leader and statesman, 65th Secretary of State (born 1937)

René Felber, 81st President of the Swiss Confederation (born 1933)

Rui Jordão, Angolan-born Portuguese footballer (born 1952)

Lisbeth Palme, Swedish child psychologist, former chairwoman of UNICEF (born 1931)

Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, 5th President of the Sudan (born 1934)

Marino Perani, Italian football player and manager (born 1939)

Robert Dickerson, Australian painter (born 1924)

Gamal El-Ghitani, Egyptian journalist and author (born 1945)

Robert W. Farquhar, American engineer (born 1932)

Frank Watkins, American bass player (born 1968)

Paul West, English-American author, poet, and academic (born 1930)

Mariano Lebrón Saviñón, Dominican author and academic (born 1922)

Edward Regan, American academic and politician (born 1930)

Sidney Shapiro, American-Chinese author and translator (born 1915)

Tom Foley, American lawyer and politician, 57th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (born 1929)

Bum Phillips, American football player and coach (born 1923)

Allan Stanley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (born 1926)

Bill Young, American sergeant and politician (born 1930)

Brain Damage, American wrestler (born 1977)

Sylvia Kristel, Dutch model and actress (born 1952)

Slater Martin, American basketball player and coach (born 1925)

George Mattos, American pole vaulter (born 1929)

Albert Lee Ueltschi, American pilot and businessman, founded FlightSafety International (born 1917)

David S. Ware, American saxophonist and composer (born 1949)

Marion Brown, American saxophonist and musicologist (born 1931)

Billy Raimondi, American baseball player (born 1912)

Adriaan Kortlandt, Dutch ethologist and biologist (born 1918)

Nancy Spero, American painter and academic (born 1926)

Dee Dee Warwick, American singer (born 1945)

Alan Coren, English journalist and author (born 1938)

William J. Crowe, American admiral and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (born 1925)

Vincent DeDomenico, American businessman, founded the Napa Valley Wine Train (born 1915)

Lucky Dube, South African singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1964)

Mario Francesco Pompedda, Italian cardinal (born 1929)

Anna Russell, English-Canadian singer and actress (born 1911)

Laurie Taitt, Guyanese-English hurdler (born 1934)

Johnny Haynes, English-Scottish footballer (born 1934)

Bill King, American sportscaster (born 1927)

Preston Smith, American businessman and politician, 40th Governor of Texas (born 1912)

Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Spanish journalist, author, and critic (born 1939)

Julie London, American singer and actress (born 1926)

Gwen Verdon, American actress and dancer (born 1925)

Adriaan Ditvoorst, Dutch director and screenwriter (born 1940)

Henri Michaux, French painter and poet (born 1899)

Diego Abad de Santillán, Spanish economist and author (born 1897)

Willie Jones, American baseball player (born 1925)

Dwain Esper, American director and producer (born 1892)

Pierre Mendès France, French lawyer and politician, 143rd Prime Minister of France (born 1907)

John Robarts, Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Ontario (born 1917)

Bess Truman, American wife of Harry S. Truman, 40th First Lady of the United States (born 1885)

Edwin Way Teale, American photographer and author (born 1899)

Ramón Mercader, Spanish journalist, assassin of Leon Trotsky (born 1914)

Andreas Baader, German militant (born 1943)

Gudrun Ensslin, German militant leader, founded the Red Army Faction (born 1940)

Viswanatha Satyanarayana, Indian poet and author (born 1895)

K. C. Douglas, American rural blues singer (born 1913)

Al Lettieri, American actor (born 1928)

Graham Haberfield, English actor (born 1941)

Margaret Caroline Anderson, American publisher, founded The Little Review (born 1886)

Walt Kelly, American illustrator and animator (born 1913)

Leo Strauss, German-American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (born 1899)

Gyula Mándi, Hungarian footballer and manager (born 1899)

Elizabeth Arden, Canadian-American businesswoman, founded Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (born 1878)

S. S. Kresge, American businessman, founded Kmart (born 1867)

Henry Travers, Irish-American actor (born 1874)

Iván Petrovich, Serbian-German actor and singer (born 1894)

Tsuru Aoki, Japanese-American actress (born 1892)

Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian-French runner (born 1903)

Yoshio Markino, Japanese painter and author (born 1869)

Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (born 1881)

Michiaki Kamada, Japanese admiral (born 1890)

Mikhail Nesterov, Russian painter (born 1862)

Manuel Teixeira Gomes, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 7th President of Portugal (born 1860)

Gaston Lachaise, French-American sculptor (born 1882)

Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish pathologist, histologist, and neuroscientist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1852)

Thomas Edison, American engineer and businessman, invented the phonograph (born 1847)

Lesser Ury, German painter (born 1861)

Ludwig III of Bavaria (born 1845)

Alfred Binet, French psychologist and author (born 1857)

Nozu Michitsura, Japanese field marshal (born 1840)

Charles Gounod, French composer and educator (born 1818)

William W. Chapman, American lawyer and politician (born 1808)

Antonio Meucci, Italian-American engineer (born 1808)

Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician and botanist (born 1796)

Francis Preston Blair, American journalist (born 1791)

Charles Babbage, English mathematician and engineer, invented the mechanical computer (born 1791)

Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, English soldier and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1784)

Etienne Nicolas Méhul, French pianist and composer (born 1763)

Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (born 1715)

John Manners, Marquess of Granby, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire (born 1721)

Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (born 1660)

António José da Silva, Brazilian-Portuguese playwright (born 1705)

Jacob Jordaens, Belgian painter illustrator (born 1593)

Fasilides, Ethiopian emperor (born 1603)

Isaac Jogues, French priest, missionary, and martyr (born 1607)

Igram van Achelen, Dutch lawyer and politician (born 1528)

Manuel da Nóbrega, Portuguese-Brazilian priest and missionary (born 1517)

Johannes Acronius Frisius, Dutch physician and mathematician (born 1520)

Yamamoto Kansuke, Japanese samurai (born 1501)

Mary of Hungary (born 1505)

John Taverner, English organist and composer (born 1490)

Margaret Tudor, queen of James IV of Scotland (born 1489)

Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón, Spanish explorer (born 1475)

Philippe de Commines, French-speaking Fleming in the courts of Burgundy and France (born 1447)

Patrick Hepburn, 1st Earl of Bothwell, Lord High Admiral of Scotland

Pope Pius III (born 1439)

Uhwudong, Korean dancer and poet (born 1440)

Infante João of Portugal (born 1400)

Pope Gregory XII (born 1326)

James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond, Irish politician, Lord Justice of Ireland (born 1331)

Petrus Torkilsson, Archbishop of Uppsala

John de Gray, bishop of Norwich

Leopold, Duke of Bavaria (born 1108)

Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (born 1053)

Nikephoros Palaiologos, Byzantine general

Sancho III of Pamplona (born 992)

Abu'l-Saraya, Zaydi rebel leader

Pope John VII (born 650)

Emperor Ming of Jin (born 299)

Lucius Aelius Sejanus, Roman politician (born 20 BC)