November 30 in History

The AI chatbot ChatGPT is launched by OpenAI.

Barbados becomes a republic.

A 15-year-old gunman murders four students and injures seven people, including a teacher, in a mass shooting at Oxford High School in Oxford Township, Michigan.

A magnitude 7.1 earthquake with its epicenter only 24 km from Anchorage, Alaska causes significant property damage but no deaths.

Atlasjet Flight 4203 crashes in Keçiborlu while on approach to Isparta Süleyman Demirel Airport, killing 57.

John Sentamu becomes the first black archbishop in the Church of England with his enthronement as the 97th Archbishop of York.

A McDonnell Douglas MD-82, operating as Lion Air Flight 538, overran the runway at Adisoemarmo Airport and crashed, killing 25 people.

NASA launches STS-97, the 101st Space Shuttle mission.

Exxon and Mobil sign a US$73.7 billion agreement to merge, thus creating ExxonMobil, the world's largest company.

In Seattle, United States, demonstrations against a World Trade Organization meeting by anti-globalization protesters catch police unprepared and force the cancellation of opening ceremonies.

British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems merge to form BAE Systems, Europe's largest defense contractor and the fourth largest aerospace firm in the world.

Official end of Operation Desert Storm.

U.S. President Bill Clinton visits Northern Ireland and speaks in favor of the "Northern Ireland peace process" to a huge rally at Belfast City Hall; he calls IRA fighters "yesterday's men".

Cold War: In Geneva, representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union begin to negotiate intermediate-range nuclear weapon reductions in Europe. (The meetings end inconclusively on December 17.)

Vietnam War: White House Press Secretary Ron Ziegler tells the press that there will be no more public announcements concerning American troop withdrawals from Vietnam because troop levels are now down to 27,000.

Iran seizes the Greater and Lesser Tunbs from the Emirates of Sharjah and Ras Al Khaimah.

The People's Republic of Southern Yemen gains its independence from the United Kingdom

The Pakistan Peoples Party is founded by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who becomes its first chairman.

Pro-Soviet communists in the Philippines establish Malayang Pagkakaisa ng Kabataan Pilipino as its new youth wing.

Decolonization: Barbados becomes independent from the United Kingdom.

Eastern Air Lines Flight 512 crashes at Idlewild Airport, killing 25 people.

In Sylacauga, Alabama, United States, the Hodges meteorite crashes through a roof and hits a woman taking an afternoon nap; this is the only documented case in the Western Hemisphere of a human being hit by a rock from space.

Edward Mutesa II, the kabaka (king) of Buganda is deposed and exiled to London by Sir Andrew Cohen, Governor of Uganda.

Civil War in Mandatory Palestine begins, leading up to the creation of the State of Israel and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

World War II: Battle of Tassafaronga; A smaller squadron of Imperial Japanese Navy destroyers led by Raizō Tanaka defeats a U.S. Navy cruiser force under Carleton H. Wright.

The Holocaust: The SS-Einsatzgruppen round up roughly 25,000 Jews from the Riga Ghetto and kill them in the Rumbula massacre.

World War II: Signing of the Sino-Japanese Treaty of 1940 between the Empire of Japan and the newly formed Wang Jingwei-led Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. This treaty was considered so unfair to China that it was compared to the Twenty-One Demands.

World War II: The Soviet Red Army crosses the Finnish border in several places, bombing Helsinki and several other Finnish cities, starting the Winter War.

In London, the Crystal Palace is destroyed by fire.

Costa Rica signs the Buenos Aires Convention, a copyright treaty.

The first-ever international football match takes place at Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow, between Scotland and England.

American Civil War: The Confederate Army of Tennessee led by General John Bell Hood suffers heavy losses in an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio under General John Schofield in the Battle of Franklin.

Crimean War: Battle of Sinop: The Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman fleet under Osman Pasha at Sinop, a sea port in northern Turkey.

The Balmis Expedition starts in Spain with the aim of vaccinating millions against smallpox in Spanish America and Philippines.

In New Orleans, Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to the French First Republic.

The Grand Duchy of Tuscany, under Pietro Leopoldo I, becomes the first modern state to abolish the death penalty (later commemorated as Cities for Life Day).

American Revolutionary War: Treaty of Paris: In Paris, representatives from the United States and Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized as the 1783 Treaty of Paris).

Great Northern War: King Charles XII of Sweden dies during a siege of the fortress of Fredriksten in Norway.

Queen Anne's War: The second Siege of Pensacola comes to end with the failure of the British Empire and their Creek allies to capture Pensacola, Spanish Florida.

Franco-German war of 978–980: Holy Roman Emperor Otto II lifts the siege of Paris and withdraws.

Abu al Abbas celebrates a victory parade in Bagdhad following the surpression of the Zanj Rebellion, the largest slave revolt in the Arab world.

Jane Paknia, American musician

Grant Williams, American basketball player

Lancey Foux, British rapper and singer

Sofia Araújo, Portuguese tennis player

Marko Daňo, Austrian-Slovak ice hockey player

Agnatius Paasi, Tongan rugby league player

Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian chess player

Antoine N'Gossan, Ivorian footballer

Adelaide Clemens, Australian actress

Vladimír Weiss, Slovak footballer

Phillip Hughes, Australian cricketer (died 2014)

Vitaliy Polyanskyi, Ukrainian footballer

Rebecca Rittenhouse, American actress

Tomi Saarelma, Finnish footballer

Vasilisa Bardina, Russian tennis player

Christel Khalil, American actress

Naomi, American wrestler, model, and dancer

Daniel Noboa, Politician and businessman, President of Ecuador

Dougie Poynter, English singer-songwriter and bass player

Jordan Farmar, American basketball player

Evgenia Linetskaya, Israeli tennis player

Kaley Cuoco, American actress

Hikari Mitsushima, Japanese actress and singer

Chrissy Teigen, American model

Luis Valbuena, Venezuelan baseball player (died 2018)

Nigel de Jong, Dutch footballer

Alan Hutton, Scottish footballer

Olga Rypakova, Kazakhstani triple jumper

Francisco Sandaza, Spanish footballer

Adrian Cristea, Romanian footballer

Vladislav Polyakov, Kazakhstani swimmer

Elisha Cuthbert, Canadian actress

Jason Pominville, Canadian-American ice hockey player

Rich Harden, Canadian baseball player

Cem Adrian, Turkish singer-songwriter, producer, and director

Jamie Ashdown, English footballer

Shane Victorino, American baseball player

Chris Atkinson, Australian racing driver

Andrés Nocioni, Italian-Argentine basketball player

Clay Aiken, American singer

Gael García Bernal, Mexican actor and producer

Benjamin Lense, German footballer

Richard Elias Anderson, Canadian basketball player and coach

Steve Aoki, American DJ and producer, founded Dim Mak Records

Iván Guerrero, Honduran footballer and manager

Kazumi Saito, Japanese baseball player and coach

Olivier Schoenfelder, French ice dancer and coach

Marta Burgay, Italian astronomer

Marco Castro, Peruvian-American director and cinematographer

Andres Lacson, Filipino politician

Josh Lewsey, English rugby player

Paul Nuttall, British politician

Mark Blount, American basketball player

Mindy McCready, American singer-songwriter (died 2013)

Ben Thatcher, English footballer

Christian Cage, Canadian wrestler, actor, and podcaster

Christophe Beck, Canadian television and film score composer and conductor

Dan Jarvis, English soldier and politician

Stanislav Kitto, Estonian footballer

Abel Xavier, Portuguese footballer and manager

Ray Durham, American baseball player

Phil Babb, English footballer and manager

Walter Emanuel Jones, American actor and dancer

Natalie Williams, American basketball player and executive

Marc Forster, German-Swiss director, producer, and screenwriter

Marc Goossens, Belgian racing driver

Chris Weitz, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter

Des'ree, English R&B singer-songwriter

Laurent Jalabert, French cyclist and sportscaster

Joseph Corré, English fashion designer and businessman, co-founded Agent Provocateur

Rajiv Dixit, Indian author and activist (died 2010)

Richard Harry, Australian rugby player

Nigel Adams, English businessman and politician

David Berkoff, American swimmer

John Bishop, English comedian, presenter, and actor

Philippe Bozon, French ice hockey player

David Nicholls, English author and screenwriter

Mika Salo, Finnish racing driver

Aldair, Brazilian footballer

Fumihito, Prince Akishino, Japanese royal (younger brother of Emperor Naruhito and first in line to the Chrysanthemum Throne)

David Laws, English banker and politician, Chief Secretary to the Treasury

Ben Stiller, American actor, director, producer and screenwriter

Jushin Thunder Liger, Japanese wrestler and mixed martial artist

Jimmy Del Ray, American wrestler and manager (died 2014)

Bo Jackson, American football and baseball player

Daniel Keys Moran, American computer programmer and author

Innocent Egbunike, Nigerian sprinter and coach

Ian Morris, Trinidadian footballer and sprinter

Bill Halter, American scholar, activist, and politician, 14th Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas

Gary Lineker, English footballer and sportscaster

Michael O'Connor, Australian rugby player

Bob Tewksbury, American baseball player and coach

Ron Simons, American theatre producer and actor (died 2024)

Cherie Currie, American singer-songwriter, musician, and actress

Lorraine Kelly, Scottish journalist and actress

Hugo Swire, English soldier and politician, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs

Stacey Q, American pop singer-songwriter, dancer and actress

John Ashton, English guitarist, songwriter, and producer

Richard Barbieri, English keyboard player and songwriter

Robert Alan Beuth; American actor, playwright, and sculptor

Joël Champetier, Canadian author and screenwriter (died 2015)

Thomas McElwee, Irish Republican died on hunger strike (died 1981)

Patrick McLoughlin, English miner and politician, Secretary of State for Transport

Colin Mochrie, Scottish-Canadian comedian, actor, producer, and screenwriter

Margaret Spellings, American educator and politician, 8th United States Secretary of Education

Michael Beschloss, American historian and author

Richard Burr, American businessman, academic, and politician

Kevin Conroy, American actor (died 2022)

Andy Gray, Scottish footballer and sportscaster

Billy Idol, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor

Wayne Bartholomew, Australian surfer

Lawrence Summers, American economist and academic

Shuggie Otis, American singer-songwriter and musician

June Pointer, American singer and actress (died 2006)

David Sancious, American rock and jazz keyboard player and guitarist

Semyon Bychkov, Russian-American conductor

Mandy Patinkin, American actor and singer

Daniel Petrie, Jr., American director, producer, and screenwriter

Patricia Ann Tracey, American Naval Vice Admiral

Paul Westphal, American basketball player and coach (died 2021)

Jim Chones, American basketball player

Matthew Festing, 79th Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta (died 2021)

Jimmy London, Jamaican singer-songwriter

Matti Caspi, Israeli singer-songwriter (died 2026)

Sergio Badilla Castillo, Chilean-Swedish poet and translator

David Mamet, American playwright, screenwriter, and director

George Duffield, English jockey and trainer

Hilary Armstrong, Baroness Armstrong of Hill Top, English academic and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster

Roger Glover, Welsh bass player, songwriter, and producer

Vani Jairam, Indian playback singer (died 2023)

John R. Powers, American author and playwright (died 2013)

George Graham, Scottish footballer and manager

Norma Alarcón, American author and professor

Terrence Malick, American director, producer, and screenwriter

Phil Willis, Baron Willis of Knaresborough, English politician

Kevin Phillips, American political analyst and author (died 2023)

Dan Tieman, American basketball player and coach (died 2012)

Jean Eustache, French director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1981)

John M. Goldman, English haematologist and oncologist (died 2013)

Jimmy Bowen, American record producer, songwriter, and pop singer

Praveen Chaudhari, Indian-American physicist and academic (died 2010)

Frank Ifield, English-Australian singer and guitarist (died 2024)

Luther Ingram, American R&B/soul singer-songwriter (died 2007)

Ridley Scott, English director, producer, and production designer

Tom Simpson, English cyclist (died 1967)

Adeline Yen Mah, Chinese-American physician and author

Dmitri Anosov, Russian mathematician and academic (died 2014)

Abbie Hoffman, American activist and author, co-founded the Youth International Party (died 1989)

Woody Allen, American actor, director, and screenwriter

Marcel Prud'homme, Canadian politician (died 2017)

Norman Deeley, English footballer and manager (died 2007)

Sam Gilliam, American painter and educator (died 2022)

Bob Moore, American bassist (died 2021)

Cho Nam-chul, South Korean Go player (died 2006)

Vivian Lynn, New Zealand artist (died 2018)

Bill Walsh, American football player and coach (died 2007)

Margot Zemach, American author and illustrator (died 1989)

G. Gordon Liddy, American lawyer, radio host, television actor and criminal (died 2021)

Dick Clark, American television host and producer, founded Dick Clark Productions (died 2012)

Joan Ganz Cooney, American screenwriter and producer, co-created Sesame Street

Takako Doi, Japanese scholar and politician 68th Speaker of the House of Representatives of Japan (died 2014)

Joe B. Hall, American basketball player and coach (died 2022)

Steele Hall, Australian politician, 36th Premier of South Australia (died 2024)

Andres Narvasa, Filipino lawyer and jurist, 19th Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines (died 2013)

Elmira Nazirova, Azerbaijani composer (died 2014)

Robert Guillaume, American actor and singer (died 2017)

Teresa Gisbert Carbonell, Bolivian architect and art historian (died 2018)

Richard Crenna, American actor, director, and producer (died 2003)

Andrew Schally, Polish-American endocrinologist (died 2024)

Maryon Pittman Allen, American journalist and politician (died 2018)

William H. Gates, Sr., American lawyer and philanthropist (died 2020)

Elliott Blackstone, American police officer and activist (died 2006)

Shirley Chisholm, American activist, educator and politician (died 2005)

Allan Sherman, American actor, comedian, singer, producer, and screenwriter (died 1973)

Virginia Mayo, American actress (died 2005)

Jane C. Wright, American oncologist and cancer researcher (died 2013)

Efrem Zimbalist, Jr., American actor (died 2014)

Dena Epstein, American musicologist and author (died 2013)

Michael Gwynn, English actor (died 1976)

Brownie McGhee, American folk-blues singer and guitarist (died 1996)

Henry Taube, Canadian-American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2005)

Jaan Hargel, Estonian flute player, conductor, and educator (died 1966)

Gordon Parks, American photographer and director (died 2006)

Carle Hessay, German-Canadian painter (died 1978)

Jorge Negrete, Mexican singer and actor (died 1953)

Robert Nighthawk, American singer and guitarist (died 1967)

Jacques Barzun, French-American historian and author (died 2012)

John Dickson Carr, American author and playwright (died 1977)

Andrés Henestrosa, Mexican poet, linguist, and politician (died 2008)

Clyfford Still, American painter and educator (died 1980)

Firpo Marberry, American baseball player and manager (died 1976)

Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian, English physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1977)

Reuvein Margolies, Ukrainian-Israeli author and scholar (died 1971)

Harry Altham, English cricketer and coach (died 1965)

Andrej Gosar, Slovenian economist, lawyer, and politician (died 1970)

Beatrice Kerr, Australian swimmer and diver (died 1971)

Gustav Suits, Estonian-Swedish poet and politician (died 1956)

Myron Grimshaw, American baseball player (died 1936)

Otto Strandman, Estonian lawyer and politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Estonia (died 1941)

Winston Churchill, English colonel, journalist, and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1965)

Lucy Maud Montgomery, English-Canadian author and poet (died 1942)

Božena Benešová, Czech author and poet (died 1936)

John McCrae, Canadian physician, soldier, and poet (died 1918)

Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1937)

James Hamilton, 3rd Duke of Abercorn, English lawyer and politician, Governor of Northern Ireland (died 1953)

Andrey Lyapchev, Bulgarian politician, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (died 1933)

Andrés Bonifacio, Filipino activist and politician, co-founded Katipunan (died 1897)

Jagadish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist, biologist, botanist, and archaeologist (died 1937)

Bobby Abel, English cricketer (died 1936)

Afonso Pena, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 6th President of Brazil (died 1909)

Martha Ripley, American physician (died 1912)

Henry Birks, Canadian businessman, founded Birks & Mayors (died 1928)

Lord Frederick Cavendish, Anglo-Irish soldier and politician, Chief Secretary for Ireland (died 1882)

Mark Twain, American novelist, humorist, and critic (died 1910)

James Dickson, English-Australian politician, 13th Premier of Queensland (died 1901)

William-Adolphe Bouguereau, French painter and educator (died 1905)

Frederick Temple, English archbishop and academic (died 1902)

Theodor Mommsen, German jurist, historian, and scholar, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1903)

Louise-Victorine Ackermann, French poet and author (died 1890)

Charles-Valentin Alkan, French pianist and composer (died 1888)

Oliver Winchester, American businessman and politician, founded the Winchester Repeating Arms Company (died 1880)

Carl Loewe, German singer, composer, and conductor (died 1869)

Count Franz Philipp von Lamberg, Austrian field marshal and politician (died 1848)

Alexander Berry, Scottish surgeon, merchant, and explorer (died 1873)

Jędrzej Śniadecki, Polish physician, chemist, and biologist (died 1838)

Franz Xaver Gerl, Austrian singer and composer (died 1827)

Ernst Chladni, German physicist and author (died 1827)

Joachim Albertini, Italian-Polish composer (died 1838)

Samuel Seabury, First Episcopal Bishop in America (died 1796)

William Livingston, American lawyer and politician, 1st Governor of New Jersey (died 1790)

Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (died 1772)

King Christian VI of Denmark (died 1746)

Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhüller, Austrian field marshal (died 1744)

John Toland, Irish philosopher and author (died 1722)

Jonathan Swift, Irish satirist and essayist (died 1745)

Andreas Werckmeister, German organist, composer, and theorist (died 1706)

Andrea Pozzo, Jesuit Brother, architect and painter (died 1709)

Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French historian and author (died 1698)

Jean Domat, French scholar and jurist (died 1696)

William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford (died 1680)

Andrea Sacchi, Italian painter (died 1661)

John Cosin, English bishop and academic (died 1672)

Aubert Miraeus, Belgian historian (died 1640)

Philip Sidney, English soldier, courtier, and poet (died 1586)

Sir Henry Savile, English scholar and mathematician (died 1622)

Andrea Palladio, Italian architect and theoretician, designed the Church of San Giorgio Maggiore and Teatro Olimpico (died 1580)

Veronica Gambara, Italian poet and stateswoman (died 1550)

Andrea Doria, Italian admiral (died 1560)

Mingyi Nyo, founder of Toungoo dynasty of Burma (died 1530)

Casimir IV Jagiellon, King of Poland (died 1492)

Johann IV Roth, Roman Catholic bishop (died 1506)

John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, Scottish soldier (died 1390)

John, Duke of Berry (died 1416)

Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen (died 1349)

Gregory of Tours, French bishop and saint (probable; (died 594)

Lou Carnesecca, American basketball player and coach (born 1925)

Alistair Darling, British Politician and Chancellor of the Exchequer (born 1953)

Shane MacGowan, Irish singer-songwriter and frontman of The Pogues (born 1957)

Jiang Zemin, Chinese politician, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (paramount leader) and President of China (born 1926)

Christine McVie, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player (born 1943)

Irina Antonova, Russian art historian (born 1922)

George H. W. Bush, American politician, 41st President of the United States and 43rd Vice President of the United States (born 1924)

Jim Nabors, American actor and comedian (born 1930)

Surin Pitsuwan, Thai politician and diplomat (born 1949)

Marina Popovich, Soviet pilot, engineer and military officer (born 1931)

Alfie Curtis, British actor (born 1930)

Pío Caro Baroja, Spanish director and screenwriter (born 1928)

Minas Hatzisavvas, Greek actor and screenwriter (born 1948)

Marcus Klingberg, Polish-Israeli physician and biologist (born 1918)

Fatema Mernissi, Moroccan sociologist and author (born 1940)

Shigeru Mizuki, Japanese author and illustrator (born 1922)

Eldar Ryazanov, Russian director and screenwriter (born 1927)

Nigel Buxton, British travel writer and wine critic (born 1924)

Qayyum Chowdhury, Bangladeshi painter and academic (born 1932)

Jarbom Gamlin, Indian lawyer and politician, 7th Chief Minister of Arunachal Pradesh (born 1961)

Martin Litton, American rafter and environmentalist (born 1917)

Anthony Dryden Marshall, American CIA officer and diplomat (born 1924)

Go Seigen, Chinese-Japanese Go player (born 1914)

Kent Haruf, American novelist (born 1943)

Paul Crouch, American broadcaster, co-founded Trinity Broadcasting Network (born 1934)

Jean Kent, English actress (born 1921)

Tabu Ley Rochereau, Congolese-Belgian singer-songwriter (born 1937)

Doriano Romboni, Italian motorcycle racer (born 1968)

Paul Walker, American actor (born 1973)

Rogelio Álvarez, Cuban-American baseball player (born 1938)

I. K. Gujral, Indian lawyer and politician, 12th Prime Minister of India (born 1919)

Munir Malik, Pakistani cricketer (born 1931)

Susil Moonesinghe, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 4th Chief Minister of Western Province (born 1930)

Merv Pregulman, American football player and businessman (born 1922)

Homer R. Warner, American cardiologist and academic (born 1922)

Mitchell Cole, English footballer (born 1985)

Rajiv Dixit, Indian author and activist (born 1967)

Garry Gross, American photographer (born 1937)

Munetaka Higuchi, Japanese drummer and producer (born 1958)

Engin Arık, Turkish physicist and academic (born 1948)

Evel Knievel, American motorcycle rider and stuntman (born 1938)

Elhadi Adam, Sudanese poet and songwriter (born 1927)

Rafael Buenaventura, Filipino banker (born 1938)

Shirley Walker, American composer and conductor (born 1945)

Jean Parker, American actress (born 1915)

Pierre Berton, Canadian journalist and author (born 1920)

Seungsahn, South Korean spiritual leader, founded the Kwan Um School of Zen (born 1927)

Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (born 1905)

Eloise Jarvis McGraw, American author (born 1915)

Scott Smith, Canadian bass player (born 1955)

Janet Lewis, American novelist and poet (born 1899)

Margaret Walker, American author and poet (born 1915)

Kathy Acker, American author, poet, and playwright (born 1947)

Tiny Tim, American singer and ukulele player (born 1932)

Til Kiwe, German actor and screenwriter (born 1910)

Guy Debord, French theorist and author (born 1931)

Lionel Stander, American actor (born 1908)

David Houston, American singer-songwriter (born 1938)

Peter Blume, American painter and sculptor (born 1906)

Fritz Eichenberg, German-American illustrator and arts educator (born 1901)

Ahmadou Ahidjo, Cameroonian lawyer and politician, 1st President of Cameroon (born 1924)

Alfred Herrhausen, German banker (born 1930)

Pannonica de Koenigswarter, English-American singer-songwriter (born 1913)

Simon Carmiggelt, Dutch journalist and author (born 1913)

Laura Gilpin, American photographer (born 1891)

Zeppo Marx, American actor and comedian (born 1901)

Terence Rattigan, English playwright and screenwriter (born 1911)

Compton Mackenzie, English-Scottish actor, author, and academic (born 1883)

Patrick Kavanagh, Irish poet and author (born 1904)

Salah Suheimat, Jordanian lawyer and politician (born 1914)

Hubert Wilkins, Australian pilot, ornithologist, geographer, and explorer (born 1888)

Josip Štolcer-Slavenski, Croatian composer and educator (born 1896)

Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor and composer (born 1886)

Francis Picabia, French painter and poet (born 1879)

Frank Cooper, Australian politician, 25th Premier of Queensland (born 1872)

Paul Masson, French cyclist (born 1876)

Etty Hillesum, Dutch author (born 1914)

Anthony M. Rud, American journalist and author (born 1893)

Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese poet, philosopher, and critic (born 1888)

Hélène Boucher, French pilot (born 1908)

Arthur Currie, Canadian general (born 1875)

Henry Walters, American art collector and philanthropist (born 1848)

Ponnambalam Ramanathan, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician, 3rd Solicitor General of Sri Lanka (born 1851)

Mary Harris Jones, American Labor organizer (born 1837)

John Maclean, Scottish educator and revolutionary socialist activist (born 1879)

Vladimir May-Mayevsky, Russian general (born 1867)

Nishinoumi Kajirō I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 16th Yokozuna (born 1855)

Ludwig Levy, German architect (born 1854)

Edward John Eyre, English explorer and politician, Governor of Jamaica (born 1815)

Oscar Wilde, Irish playwright, novelist, and poet (born 1854)

Dimitrios Valvis, Greek judge and politician, 69th Prime Minister of Greece (born 1814)

Patrick Cleburne, Irish-American general (born 1828)

Kamehameha IV, Hawaiian King (born 1834)

George Glas, Scottish merchant and explorer (born 1725)

John Dollond, English optician and astronomer (born 1706)

Friederike Caroline Neuber, German actress (born 1697)

Charles XII of Sweden (born 1682)

Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (born 1672)

Marcello Malpighi, Italian physician and biologist (born 1628)

Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, English lawyer and politician, Lieutenant Governor of Newfoundland (born 1605)

John Selden, English jurist and scholar (born 1584)

Bonaventura Cavalieri, Italian mathematician and astronomer (born 1598)

Giovanni Lanfranco, Italian painter (born 1582)

Thomas Weelkes, English organist and composer (born 1576)

William Gilbert, English scientist (born 1544)

Nanda Bayin, Burmese king (born 1535)

Richard Farrant, English playwright and composer (born 1530)

Giovanni dalle Bande Nere, Italian captain (born 1498)

Guillaume Crétin, French poet (born c. 1460)

Andrew Stratford, English verderer and landowner

John of Vercelli, Master General of the Dominican Order (born c. 1205)

Kanezawa Sanetoki, Japanese member of the Hōjō clan (born 1224)

Emeric, King of Hungary

Edmund Ironside, English king (born 993)