Events

2026

A shooting carried out by two gunmen at the Islamic Center of San Diego results in the deaths of five people, including the perpetrators.

2019

United States presidential election: Joe Biden launches his presidential campaign.

2018

A school shooting at Santa Fe High School in Texas kills ten people.

2018

Cubana de Aviación Flight 972 crashes in Santiago de las Vegas after takeoff from José Martí International Airport in Havana, Cuba, killing 112 of the 113 people on board.

2015

At least 78 people die in a landslide caused by heavy rains in the Colombian town of Salgar.

2009

The LTTE are defeated by the Sri Lankan government, ending almost 26 years of fighting between the two sides.

2006

The post Loktantra Andolan government passes a landmark bill curtailing the power of the monarchy and making Nepal a secular country.

2005

A second photo from the Hubble Space Telescope confirms that Pluto has two additional moons, Nix and Hydra.

1994

Israeli troops finish withdrawing from the Gaza Strip, ceding the area to the Palestinian National Authority to govern.

1993

Riots in Nørrebro, Copenhagen, caused by the approval of the four Danish exceptions in the Maastricht Treaty referendum. Police open fire against civilians for the first time since World War II and injure 11 demonstrators.

1991

Northern Somalia declares independence from the rest of Somalia as the Republic of Somaliland.

1990

In France, a modified TGV train achieves a new rail world speed record of 515.3 km/h (320.2 mph).

1980

Mount St. Helens erupts in Washington, United States, killing 57 people and causing $3 billion in damage.

1980

Students in Gwangju, South Korea begin demonstrations calling for democratic reforms.

1980

Rioting spreads to Miami's mostly African-American neighborhoods of Overtown and Liberty City following the previous day's courthouse protests.

1977

Likud party wins the 1977 Israeli legislative election, with Menachem Begin, its founder, as the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.

1974

Nuclear weapons testing: Under project Smiling Buddha, India successfully detonates its first nuclear weapon becoming the sixth nation to do so.

1973

Aeroflot Flight 109 is hijacked mid-flight and the aircraft is subsequently destroyed when the hijacker's bomb explodes, killing all 82 people on board.

1972

During approach to Kharkiv International Airport, Aeroflot Flight 1491 crashes near Ruska Lozova, killing all 112 aboard.

1969

Apollo program: Apollo 10 is launched.

1965

Israeli spy Eli Cohen is hanged in Damascus, Syria.

1962

The French government and representatives of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic reach a settlement to end the Algerian war in the Évian Accords.

1955

Operation Passage to Freedom, the evacuation of 310,000 Vietnamese civilians, soldiers and non-Vietnamese members of the French Army from communist North Vietnam to South Vietnam following the end of the First Indochina War, ends.

1953

Jacqueline Cochran becomes the first woman to break the sound barrier.

1948

The First Legislative Yuan of the Republic of China officially convenes in Nanking.

1944

World War II: Battle of Monte Cassino: Conclusion after seven days of the fourth battle as German paratroopers evacuate Monte Cassino.

1944

Deportation of Crimean Tatars by the Soviet Union.

1933

New Deal: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs an act creating the Tennessee Valley Authority.

1927

The Bath School disaster: Forty-five people, including many children, are killed by bombs planted by a disgruntled school-board member in Bath Township, Michigan.

1927

After being founded for 20 years, the Nationalist government approves Tongji University to be among its first national universities.

1926

Evangelist Aimee Semple McPherson disappears in Venice, California.

1922

Seamus Woods leads an Irish Republican Army attack on the headquarters of the Royal Irish Constabulary in Belfast.

1917

World War I: The Selective Service Act of 1917 is passed, giving the President of the United States the power of conscription.

1912

The first Indian film, Shree Pundalik by Dadasaheb Torne, is released in Mumbai.

1900

The United Kingdom proclaims a protectorate over Tonga.

1896

The United States Supreme Court rules in Plessy v. Ferguson that the "separate but equal" doctrine is constitutional.

1896

Khodynka Tragedy: A mass panic on Khodynka Field in Moscow during the festivities of the coronation of Russian Tsar Nicholas II results in the deaths of 1,389 people.

1863

American Civil War: Union forces under Ulysses S. Grant begin the Siege of Vicksburg during the Vicksburg campaign in order to take full control of the Mississippi River.

1860

United States presidential election: Abraham Lincoln wins the Republican Party presidential nomination over William H. Seward, who later becomes the United States Secretary of State.

1848

Opening of the first German National Assembly (Nationalversammlung) in Frankfurt, Germany.

1843

The Disruption in Edinburgh of the Free Church of Scotland from the Church of Scotland.

1812

John Bellingham is found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging for the assassination of British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval.

1811

Battle of Las Piedras: The first great military triumph of the revolution of the Río de la Plata in Uruguay led by José Artigas.

1804

Napoleon Bonaparte is proclaimed Emperor of the French by the French Senate.

1803

Napoleonic Wars: The United Kingdom revokes the Treaty of Amiens and declares war on France.

1794

Battle of Tourcoing during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition.

1783

First United Empire Loyalists reach Parrtown (later called Saint John, New Brunswick), Canada, after leaving the United States.

1756

The Seven Years' War begins when Great Britain declares war on France.

1695

The 1695 Linfen earthquake in Shannxi, Qing dynasty causes extreme damage and kills at least 52,000 people.

1652

Slavery in Rhode Island is abolished, although the law is not rigorously enforced.

1631

In Dorchester, Massachusetts, John Winthrop takes the oath of office and becomes the first Governor of Massachusetts.

1593

Playwright Thomas Kyd's accusations of heresy lead to an arrest warrant for Christopher Marlowe.

1565

The Great Siege of Malta begins, in which Ottoman forces attempt and fail to conquer Malta.

1499

Alonso de Ojeda sets sail from Cádiz on his voyage to what is now Venezuela.

1388

During the Battle of Buyur Lake, General Lan Yu leads a Ming army forward to crush the Mongol hordes of Tögüs Temür, the Khan of Northern Yuan.

1302

Bruges Matins, the nocturnal massacre of the French garrison in Bruges by members of the local Flemish militia.

1291

Fall of Acre, the end of Crusader presence in the Holy Land.

1268

The Principality of Antioch, a crusader state, falls to the Mamluk Sultan Baibars in the Siege of Antioch.

1152

The future Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. He would become king two years later, after the death of his cousin once removed King Stephen of England.

1096

First Crusade: Around 800 Jews are massacred in Worms, Germany.

1012

Pope Benedict VIII begins his papacy following the death of his predecessor Pope Sergius IV earlier that month.

872

Louis II of Italy is crowned for the second time as Holy Roman Emperor at Rome, at the age of 47. His first coronation was 28 years earlier, in 844, during the reign of his father Lothair I.

332

Emperor Constantine the Great announces free distributions of food to the citizens in Constantinople.

Births

2009

Hala Finley, American actress

2003

Travis Hunter, American football player

2002

Alina Zagitova, Russian figure skater

2001

Emma Navarro, American tennis player

2000

Ryan Sessegnon, English footballer

2000

Steven Sessegnon, English footballer

1999

Laura Omloop, Belgian singer-songwriter

1998

Polina Edmunds, American figure skater

1993

Stuart Percy, Canadian ice hockey player

1993

Jessica Watson, Australian sailor

1992

Adwoa Aboah, British fashion model

1990

Dimitri Daeseleire, Belgian footballer

1990

Yuya Osako, Japanese footballer

1990

Josh Starling, Australian rugby league player

1988

Taeyang, South Korean singer

1986

Kevin Anderson, South African tennis player

1985

Oliver Sin, Hungarian painter

1985

Henrique Sereno, Portuguese footballer

1984

Ivet Lalova, Bulgarian sprinter

1984

Simon Pagenaud, French race car driver

1984

Darius Šilinskis, Lithuanian basketball player

1984

Joakim Soria, Mexican baseball player

1984

Niki Terpstra, Dutch cyclist

1983

Gary O'Neil, English footballer

1983

Luis Terrero, Dominican baseball player

1983

Vince Young, American football player

1982

Jason Brown, English footballer

1982

Marie-Ève Pelletier, Canadian tennis player

1981

Mahamadou Diarra, Malian international footballer

1981

Ashley Harrison, Australian rugby league player

1980

Reggie Evans, American basketball player

1980

Michaël Llodra, French tennis player

1980

Diego Pérez, Uruguayan footballer

1979

Jens Bergensten, Swedish video game designer, co-designed Minecraft

1979

Mariusz Lewandowski, Polish footballer

1979

Michal Martikán, Slovak slalom canoeist

1979

Milivoje Novaković, Slovenian footballer

1979

Julián Speroni, Argentinian footballer

1978

Ricardo Carvalho, Portuguese footballer

1978

Marcus Giles, American baseball player

1978

Charles Kamathi, Kenyan runner

1977

Lee Hendrie, English footballer

1977

Danny Mills, English footballer and sportscaster

1977

Li Tie, Chinese footballer and manager

1976

Ron Mercer, American basketball player

1976

Marko Tomasović, Croatian pianist and composer

1976

Oleg Tverdovsky, Ukrainian-Russian ice hockey player

1975

Jem, Welsh singer-songwriter and producer

1975

John Higgins, Scottish snooker player

1975

Jack Johnson, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

1975

Ingvild Kjerkol, Norwegian politician

1974

Nelson Figueroa, American baseball player and sportscaster

1973

Donyell Marshall, American basketball player and coach

1973

Aleksandr Olerski, Estonian footballer (died 2011)

1972

Turner Stevenson, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

1971

Brad Friedel, American international soccer player, manager and sportscaster

1971

Mark Menzies, Scottish politician

1971

Nobuteru Taniguchi, Japanese race car driver

1970

Javier Cárdenas, Spanish singer, television and radio presenter

1970

Tina Fey, American actress, producer, and screenwriter

1970

Tim Horan, Australian rugby player and sportscaster

1970

Billy Howerdel, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer

1970

Vicky Sunohara, Canadian former ice hockey player

1969

Troy Cassar-Daley, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist

1969

Martika, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress

1969

Antônio Carlos Zago, Brazilian footballer and manager

1968

Philippe Benetton, French rugby player

1968

Ralf Kelleners, German race car driver

1967

Nina Björk, Swedish journalist and author

1967

Heinz-Harald Frentzen, German race car driver

1967

Nancy Juvonen, American screenwriter and producer, co-founded Flower Films

1967

Mimi Macpherson, Australian environmentalist, entrepreneur and celebrity

1966

Renata Nielsen, Polish-Danish long jumper and coach

1966

Michael Tait, American singer-songwriter and producer

1964

Ignasi Guardans, Spanish academic and politician

1963

Marty McSorley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

1963

Sam Vincent, American basketball player and coach

1961

Russell Senior, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

1960

Brent Ashton, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

1960

Jari Kurri, Finnish ice hockey player, coach, and manager

1960

Yannick Noah, French tennis player

1959

Graham Dilley, English cricketer and coach (died 2011)

1959

Jay Wells, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

1958

Rubén Omar Romano, Argentinian-Mexican footballer and coach

1958

Toyah Willcox, English singer-songwriter, producer, and actress

1957

Michael Cretu, Romanian-German keyboard player and producer

1957

Henrietta Moore, English anthropologist and academic

1956

Catherine Corsini, French director and screenwriter

1956

John Godber, English playwright and screenwriter

1956

Jim Moginie, Australian guitarist and songwriter

1955

Chow Yun-fat, Hong Kong actor and screenwriter

1954

Wreckless Eric, English singer-songwriter and guitarist

1954

Eric Gerets, Belgian footballer and manager

1953

Alan Kupperberg, American author and illustrator (died 2015)

1952

Diane Duane, American author and screenwriter

1952

David Leakey, English general and politician

1952

George Strait, American singer, guitarist and producer

1952

Jeana Yeager, American pilot

1951

Richard Clapton, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist

1951

Jim Sundberg, American baseball player and sportscaster

1951

Angela Voigt, German long jumper (died 2013)

1950

Rod Milburn, American hurdler and coach (died 1997)

1950

Mark Mothersbaugh, American singer-songwriter and painter

1949

Walter Hawkins, American gospel music singer and pastor (died 2010)

1949

Rick Wakeman, English progressive rock keyboardist and songwriter

1948

Joe Bonsall, American country/gospel singer (died 2024)

1948

Yi Mun-yol, South Korean author and academic

1948

Richard Swedberg, Swedish sociologist and academic

1948

Tom Udall, American lawyer and politician, 28th New Mexico Attorney General, United States Senator from New Mexico

1947

John Bruton, Irish politician, 10th Taoiseach of Ireland (died 2024)

1946

Frank Hsieh, Taiwanese lawyer and politician, 40th Premier of the Republic of China

1946

Reggie Jackson, American baseball player and sportscaster

1946

Gerd Langguth, German political scientist and author (died 2013)

1945

Gail Strickland, American actress

1944

Albert Hammond, English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer

1944

W. G. Sebald, German novelist, essayist, and poet (died 2001)

1943

Jimmy Snuka, Fijian wrestler (died 2017)

1942

Nobby Stiles, English footballer, coach, and manager (died 2020)

1941

Gino Brito, Canadian wrestler and promoter

1941

Malcolm Longair, Scottish astronomer, physicist, and academic

1941

Miriam Margolyes, English-Australian actress and singer

1940

Erico Aumentado, Filipino journalist, lawyer, and politician (died 2012)

1939

Patrick Cormack, Baron Cormack, English historian, journalist, and politician (died 2024)

1939

Giovanni Falcone, Italian lawyer and judge (died 1992)

1939

Gordon O'Connor, Canadian general and politician, 38th Canadian Minister of Defence

1938

Janet Fish, American painter and academic

1937

Brooks Robinson, American baseball player and sportscaster (died 2023)

1937

Jacques Santer, Luxembourger jurist and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Luxembourg

1936

Leon Ashley, American singer-songwriter (died 2013)

1936

Türker İnanoğlu, Turkish director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2024)

1936

Michael Sandle, English sculptor and academic

1935

Pádraig Ó Snodaigh, Irish activist and writer (died 2025)

1934

Dwayne Hickman, American actor and director (died 2022)

1933

Bernadette Chirac, French politician, First Lady of France (died 2026)

1933

H. D. Deve Gowda, Indian farmer and politician, 11th Prime Minister of India

1933

Don Whillans, English rock climber and mountaineer (died 1985)

1931

Don Martin, American cartoonist (died 2000)

1931

Robert Morse, American actor (died 2022)

1931

Kalju Pitksaar, Estonian chess player (died 1995)

1931

Clément Vincent, Canadian farmer and politician (died 2018)

1930

Warren Rudman, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (died 2012)

1930

Fred Saberhagen, American soldier and author (died 2007)

1929

Jack Sanford, American baseball player and coach (died 2000)

1929

Norman St John-Stevas, Baron St John of Fawsley, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (died 2012)

1928

Pernell Roberts, American actor (died 2010)

1927

Richard Body, English politician (died 2018)

1927

Ray Nagel, American football player and coach (died 2015)

1925

Lillian Hoban, American author and illustrator (died 1998)

1924

Priscilla Pointer, American actress (died 2025)

1924

Jack Whitaker, American sportscaster (died 2019)

1923

Jean-Louis Roux, Canadian actor and politician, 34th Lieutenant Governor of Quebec (died 2013)

1923

Hugh Shearer, Jamaican journalist and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Jamaica (died 2004)

1922

Bill Macy, American actor (died 2019)

1922

Kai Winding, Danish-American trombonist and composer (died 1983)

1921

Joan Eardley, British artist (died 1963)

1921

Michael A. Epstein, English pathologist and academic (died 2024)

1920

Pope John Paul II (died 2005)

1920

Anthony Storr, English psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, and author (died 2001)

1919

Margot Fonteyn, British ballerina (died 1991)

1917

Bill Everett, American author and illustrator (died 1973)

1914

Pierre Balmain, French fashion designer, founded Balmain (died 1982)

1914

Boris Christoff, Bulgarian-Italian opera singer (died 1993)

1913

Jane Birdwood, Baroness Birdwood, Canadian-English publisher and politician (died 2000)

1912

Richard Brooks, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1992)

1912

Perry Como, American singer and television host (died 2001)

1912

Walter Sisulu, South African politician (died 2003)

1911

Big Joe Turner, American blues/R&B singer (died 1985)

1910

Ester Boserup, Danish economist and author (died 1999)

1909

Fred Perry, English tennis player and academic (died 1995)

1907

Irene Hunt, American author and educator (died 2001)

1905

Ruth Alexander, pioneering American pilot (died 1930)

1905

Hedley Verity, English cricketer and soldier (died 1943)

1904

Jacob K. Javits, American colonel and politician, 58th New York Attorney General (died 1986)

1904

Shunryū Suzuki, Japanese-American monk and educator (died 1971)

1902

Meredith Willson, American playwright and composer (died 1984)

1901

Henri Sauguet, French composer (died 1989)

1901

Vincent du Vigneaud, American biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1978)

1898

Faruk Nafiz Çamlıbel, Turkish poet, author, and playwright (died 1973)

1897

Frank Capra, Italian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 1991)

1896

Eric Backman, Swedish runner (died 1965)

1895

Augusto César Sandino, Nicaraguan rebel leader (died 1934)

1892

Ezio Pinza, Italian-American actor and singer (died 1957)

1891

Rudolf Carnap, German-American philosopher and academic (died 1970)

1889

Thomas Midgley Jr., American chemist and engineer (died 1944)

1888

Hanna Barysiewicz, the oldest female resident of Belarus not registered by the Guinness Book of Records. (died 2007)

1886

Jeanie MacPherson, American actress and screenwriter (died 1946)

1883

Eurico Gaspar Dutra, Brazilian marshal and politician, 16th President of Brazil (died 1974)

1883

Walter Gropius, German-American architect, designed the John F. Kennedy Federal Building (died 1969)

1882

Babe Adams, American baseball player, manager, and journalist (died 1968)

1878

Johannes Terwogt, Dutch rower (died 1977)

1876

Hermann Müller, German journalist and politician, 12th Chancellor of Germany (died 1931)

1872

Bertrand Russell, British mathematician, historian, and philosopher, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1970)

1871

Denis Horgan, Irish shot putter and weight thrower (died 1922)

1869

Lucy Beaumont, English-American actress (died 1937)

1868

Nicholas II of Russia (died 1918)

1867

Minakata Kumagusu, Japanese author, biologist, naturalist and ethnologist (died 1941)

1862

Josephus Daniels, American publisher and politician, 41st United States Secretary of the Navy (died 1948)

1855

Francis Bellamy, American minister and author (died 1931)

1854

Bernard Zweers, Dutch composer and educator (died 1924)

1852

Gertrude Käsebier, American photographer (died 1934)

1851

James Budd, American lawyer and politician, 19th Governor of California (died 1908)

1851

Simon Kahquados, Potawatomi political activist (died 1930)

1850

Oliver Heaviside, English engineer, mathematician, and physicist (died 1925)

1835

Charles N. Sims, American Methodist preacher and 3rd chancellor of Syracuse University (died 1908)

1824

Wilhelm Hofmeister, German botanist (died 1877)

1822

Mathew Brady, American photographer and journalist (died 1896)

1797

Frederick Augustus II of Saxony (died 1854)

1785

John Wilson, Scottish author and critic (died 1854)

1778

Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry, Irish soldier and diplomat, British Ambassador to Austria (died 1854)

1777

John George Children, English chemist, mineralogist, and zoologist (died 1852)

1711

Roger Joseph Boscovich, Ragusan physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (died 1787)

1692

(O.S.) Joseph Butler, English bishop, theologian, and apologist (died 1752)

1662

George Smalridge, English bishop (died 1719)

1631

Stanislaus Papczyński, Polish priest and saint (died 1701)

1537

Guido Luca Ferrero, Roman Catholic cardinal (died 1585)

1450

Piero Soderini, Italian politician and diplomat (died 1513)

1186

Konstantin of Rostov (died 1218)

1048

Omar Khayyám, Persian mathematician, astronomer, and poet (died 1131)

Deaths

2026

Tom Kane, American voice actor (born 1962)

2024

Bruce Nordstrom, American businessman (born 1933)

2024

Tony O'Reilly, Irish rugby player and businessman (born 1936)

2024

Alice Stewart, American political commentator (born 1966)

2023

Jim Brown, American football player, civil rights activist, and actor (born 1936)

2021

Charles Grodin, American actor and talk show host (born 1935)

2021

Yolanda Tortolero, Venezuelan politician

2020

Ken Osmond, American actor and police officer (born 1943)

2019

Austin Eubanks, American addiction recovery advocate, survivor of the Columbine shooting (born 1981)

2017

Roger Ailes, American businessman (born 1940)

2017

Chris Cornell, American singer (born 1964)

2017

Jacque Fresco, American engineer and academic (born 1916)

2015

Halldór Ásgrímsson, Icelandic accountant and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Iceland (born 1947)

2015

Raymond Gosling, English physicist and academic (born 1926)

2015

Jean-François Théodore, French businessman (born 1946)

2014

Dobrica Ćosić, Serbian politician, 1st President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (born 1921)

2014

Hans-Peter Dürr, German physicist and academic (born 1929)

2014

Kaiketsu Masateru, Japanese sumo wrestler (born 1948)

2014

Chukwuedu Nwokolo, Nigerian physician and academic (born 1921)

2014

Wubbo Ockels, Dutch physicist and astronaut (born 1946)

2013

Aleksei Balabanov, Russian director and screenwriter (born 1959)

2013

Jo Benkow, Norwegian soldier and politician (born 1924)

2013

Steve Forrest, American actor (born 1925)

2013

David McMillan, American football player (born 1981)

2013

Lothar Schmid, German chess player (born 1928)

2012

Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau, German opera singer and conductor (born 1925)

2012

Peter Jones, English-Australian drummer and songwriter (born 1967)

2012

Alan Oakley, English bicycle designer, designed the Raleigh Chopper (born 1927)

2009

Dolla, American rapper (born 1987)

2009

Wayne Allwine, American voice actor, sound effects editor and Foley artist (born 1947)

2009

Velupillai Prabhakaran, Sri Lankan rebel leader, founded the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (born 1954)

2008

Joseph Pevney, American actor and director (born 1911)

2008

Roberto García-Calvo Montiel, Spanish judge (born 1942)

2007

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, French physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1932)

2006

Jaan Eilart, Estonian geographer, ecologist, and historian (born 1933)

2004

Elvin Jones, American drummer and bandleader (born 1927)

2002

Davey Boy Smith, English professional wrestler (born 1962)

2001

Irene Hunt, American author and illustrator (born 1907)

2000

Stephen M. Wolownik, Russian-American composer and musicologist (born 1946)

1999

Augustus Pablo, Jamaican singer, keyboard player, and producer (born 1954)

1999

Betty Robinson, American runner (born 1911)

1998

Obaidullah Aleem, Indian-Pakistani poet and author (born 1939)

1995

Elisha Cook, Jr., American actor (born 1903)

1995

Alexander Godunov, Russian-American ballet dancer and actor (born 1949)

1995

Brinsley Trench, 8th Earl of Clancarty, Irish ufologist and historian (born 1911)

1995

Elizabeth Montgomery, American actress (born 1933)

1990

Jill Ireland, English actress (born 1936)

1989

Dorothy Ruth, American horse breeder and author (born 1921)

1987

Mahdi Amel, Lebanese journalist, poet, and academic (born 1936)

1981

Arthur O'Connell, American actor (born 1908)

1981

William Saroyan, American novelist, playwright, and short story writer (born 1908)

1980

Victims of Mount St. Helens eruption:

1980

Victims of Mount St. Helens eruption:

1980

Ian Curtis, English singer-songwriter (born 1956)

1975

Leroy Anderson, American composer and conductor (born 1908)

1974

Harry Ricardo, English engine designer and researcher (born 1885)

1973

Jeannette Rankin, American social worker and politician (born 1880)

1973

İbrahim Kaypakkaya, Turkish Maoist revolutionary and founder of Communist Party of Turkey/Marxist-Leninist (TKP/ML) (born 1949)

1971

Aleksandr Gennadievich Kurosh, Russian mathematician and theorist (born 1908)

1968

Frank Walsh, Australian politician, 34th Premier of South Australia (born 1897)

1963

Ernie Davis, American football player, coach, and manager (born 1939)

1958

Jacob Fichman, Israeli poet and critic (born 1881)

1956

Maurice Tate, English cricketer (born 1895)

1955

Mary McLeod Bethune, American educator and activist (born 1875)

1947

Hal Chase, American baseball player and manager (born 1883)

1943

Ōnishiki Daigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 28th Yokozuna (born 1883)

1941

Werner Sombart, German economist and sociologist (born 1863)

1922

Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, French physician and parasitologist, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1845)

1916

Chen Qimei, Chinese revolutionary (born 1878)

1911

Gustav Mahler, Austrian composer and conductor (born 1860)

1910

Eliza Orzeszkowa, Polish author and publisher (born 1841)

1910

Pauline Viardot, French soprano and composer (born 1821)

1909

Isaac Albéniz, Spanish pianist and composer (born 1860)

1909

George Meredith, English novelist and poet (born 1828)

1908

Louis-Napoléon Casault, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician (born 1823)

1900

Félix Ravaisson-Mollien, French archaeologist and philosopher (born 1813)

1889

Isabella Glyn, Scottish-English actress (born 1823)

1867

Clarkson Stanfield, English painter (born 1793)

1853

Lionel Kieseritzky, Estonian-French chess player (born 1806)

1844

Richard McCarty, American lawyer and politician (born 1780)

1808

Elijah Craig, American minister, inventor, and educator, invented Bourbon whiskey (born 1738)

1807

John Douglas, Scottish bishop and scholar (born 1721)

1800

Alexander Suvorov, Russian general (born 1729)

1799

Pierre Beaumarchais, French playwright and publisher (born 1732)

1795

Robert Rogers, English colonel (born 1731)

1792

Levy Solomons, Canadian merchant and fur trader (born 1730)

1781

Túpac Amaru II, Peruvian indigenous rebel leader (born 1742)

1780

Charles Hardy, English-American admiral and politician, 29th Colonial Governor of New York (born 1714)

1733

Georg Böhm, German organist and composer (born 1661)

1721

Maria Barbara Carillo, victim of the Spanish Inquisition (born 1625)

1692

Elias Ashmole, English astrologer and politician (born 1617)

1675

Stanisław Lubieniecki, Polish astronomer, historian, and theologian (born 1623)

1675

Jacques Marquette, French-American missionary and explorer (born 1637)

1551

Domenico di Pace Beccafumi, Italian painter (born 1486)

1550

Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (born 1498)

1410

Rupert of Germany, Count Palatine of the Rhine (born 1352)

1401

Vladislaus II of Opole (born 1332)

1297

Nicholas Longespee, Bishop of Salisbury

1160

Eric Jedvardsson (King Eric IX) of Sweden (since 1156); (born circa 1120)

1096

Minna of Worms, Jewish martyr killed during the Worms massacre (1096)

1065

Frederick, Duke of Lower Lorraine (born c. 1003)

978

Frederick I, duke of Upper Lorraine

947

Emperor Taizong of the Liao Dynasty

932

Ma Shaohong, general of Later Tang

893

Stephen I of Constantinople (born 867)

526

Pope John I

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