July 17 in History

At least 120 people are killed and 130 injured by a suicide bombing in Diyala Governorate, Iraq.

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, a Boeing 777, crashes near the border of Ukraine and Russia after being shot down. All 298 people on board are killed.

A French regional train on the Pau-Bayonne line crashes into a high-speed train near the town of Denguin, resulting in at least 25 injuries.

Eric Garner is killed by police officer Daniel Pantaleo in New York City, after the latter put him in a prohibited chokehold while arresting him.

TAM Airlines Flight 3054, an Airbus A320, crashes into a warehouse after landing too fast and missing the end of the São Paulo–Congonhas Airport runway, killing 199 people.

The 7.7 Mw Pangandaran tsunami earthquake severely affects the Indonesian island of Java, killing 668 people, and leaving more than 9,000 injured.

During approach to Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Airport, Alliance Air Flight 7412 suddenly crashes into a residential neighborhood in Patna, India, killing 60 people.

The 7.0 Mw Papua New Guinea earthquake triggers a tsunami that destroys ten villages in Papua New Guinea, killing up to 2,700 people, and leaving several thousand injured.

A diplomatic conference adopts the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, establishing the permanent international court in The Hague, to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.

After takeoff from Husein Sastranegara International Airport, Sempati Air Flight 304 crashes into a residential neighborhood in Bandung, killing 28 people.

TWA Flight 800: Off the coast of Long Island, New York, a Paris-bound TWA Boeing 747 explodes, killing all 230 on board.

Brazil win their fourth World Cup title, defeating Italy 3–2 on penalties.

A structural failure leads to the collapse of a walkway at the Hyatt Regency in Kansas City, Missouri, killing 114 people and injuring more than 200.

East Timor is annexed and becomes the 27th province of Indonesia.

The opening of the Summer Olympics in Montreal is marred by 25 African teams boycotting the games because of New Zealand's participation. Contrary to rulings by other international sports organizations, the IOC had declined to exclude New Zealand because of their participation in South African sporting events during apartheid.

Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.

King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan, while having surgery in Italy, is deposed by his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan.

Abdul Rahman Arif is overthrown and the Ba'ath Party is installed as the governing power in Iraq with Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr as the new Iraqi President.

Nuclear weapons testing: The "Small Boy" test shot Little Feller I becomes the last atmospheric test detonation at the Nevada National Security Site.

First Indochina War: Viet Minh troops successfully ambush the armoured French column 'G.M. 42' in the Battle of Chu Dreh Pass in the Central Highlands. It is the last battle of the war.

The largest number of United States midshipman casualties in a single event results from an aircraft crash in Florida, killing 44.

World War II: The main three leaders of the Allied nations, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin, hold the Potsdam Conference in the German city of Potsdam to decide the future of a defeated Germany.

Port Chicago disaster: Near the San Francisco Bay, two ships laden with ammunition for the war explode in Port Chicago, California, killing 320.

Douglas Corrigan takes off from Brooklyn to fly the "wrong way" to Ireland and becomes known as "Wrong Way" Corrigan.

Spanish Civil War: An Armed Forces rebellion against the recently elected leftist Popular Front government of Spain starts the civil war.

Altona Bloody Sunday: A riot between the Nazi Party paramilitary forces, the SS and SA, and the German Communist Party ensues.

The form of government in the Republic of Finland is officially confirmed. For this reason, July 17 is known as the Day of Democracy (Kansanvallan päivä) in Finland.

Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his immediate family and retainers are executed by Bolshevik Chekists at the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, Russia.

The RMS Carpathia is sunk off Ireland by the German SM U-55; five lives are lost.

NEC Corporation is organized as the first Japanese joint venture with foreign capital.

Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the first dental school in the U.S. that is affiliated with a university.

Vega becomes the first star (other than the Sun) to be photographed.

The Kingdom of Spain cedes the territory of Florida to the United States.

The 16 Carmelite Martyrs of Compiègne are executed ten days prior to the end of the French Revolution's Reign of Terror.

Members of the French National Guard under the command of General Lafayette open fire on a crowd of radical Jacobins at the Champ de Mars, Paris, during the French Revolution, killing scores of people.

Bloody Falls massacre: Chipewyan chief Matonabbee, traveling as the guide to Samuel Hearne on his Arctic overland journey, massacres a group of unsuspecting Inuit.

Former emperor Peter III of Russia is murdered.

King George I of Great Britain sails down the River Thames with a barge of 50 musicians, where George Frideric Handel's Water Music is premiered.

Sikandar Lodi succeeds Bahlul Khan Lodi as Sultan of Delhi.

Battle of Castillon: The last battle of the Hundred Years' War, the French under Jean Bureau defeat the English under the Earl of Shrewsbury, who is killed in the battle in Gascony.

Hundred Years' War: Charles VII of France is crowned the King of France in the Reims Cathedral after a successful campaign by Joan of Arc.

Zhu Di, better known by his era name as the Yongle Emperor, assumes the throne over the Ming dynasty of China.

The Fourth Crusade assaults Constantinople. The Byzantine emperor Alexios III Angelos flees from his capital into exile.

Damasus II is elected pope, and dies 23 days later.

Four year-old Henry IV is crowned as king of Germany in Aachen.

Consecration of Pope John III following the death of Pope Pelagius I earlier that year.

Twelve inhabitants of Scillium (near Kasserine, modern-day Tunisia) in North Africa are executed for being Christians. This is the earliest record of Christianity in that part of the world.

Connor Bedard, Canadian ice hockey player

Jordan Lawlar, American baseball player

Rosana Serrano, Cuban rower

OG Anunoby, British basketball player

Wonwoo, South Korean rapper and singer

Grace Caroline Currey, American actress

Kali Uchis, American singer-songwriter

Billie Lourd, American actress

Tatu Sinisalo, Finnish actor

Nick Bjugstad, American ice hockey player

Oliver Ekman-Larsson, Swedish ice hockey player

Darius Boyd, Australian rugby league player

Jeremih, American singer, songwriter, and record producer

DeAngelo Smith, American football player

Loui Eriksson, Swedish ice hockey player

Neil McGregor, Scottish footballer

Tom Cullen, Welsh actor and director

Adam Lind, American baseball player

Omari Banks, Anguillan cricketer

Stefania Spampinato, Italian actress

Hely Ollarves, Venezuelan runner

Javier Camuñas, Spanish footballer

Brett Goldstein, British actor, comedian and writer

Ryan Miller, American ice hockey player

Mike Vogel, American actor

Ricardo Arona, Brazilian mixed martial artist

Jason Jennings, American baseball player

Justine Triet, French film director and screenwriter

Andrew Downton, Australian cricketer

Leif Hoste, Belgian cyclist

Marc Savard, Canadian ice hockey player

Luke Bryan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Gino D'Acampo, Italian chef and author

Dagmara Domińczyk, Polish-American actress

Marcos Senna, Brazilian-Spanish footballer

Anders Svensson, Swedish footballer and sportscaster

Brian K. Vaughan, American comic book and television writer

Eric Winter, American actor

Andre Adams, New Zealand cricketer

Elena Anaya, Spanish actress

Darude, Finnish DJ and producer

Loretta Harrop, Australian triathlete

Konnie Huq, English television presenter

Terence Tao, Australian-American mathematician

Carey Hart, American freestyle motorcycle racer

Claudio López, Argentine footballer

Eric Moulds, American football player

Donny Marshall, American basketball player and sportscaster

Jaap Stam, Dutch footballer and manager

Eric Williams, American basketball player

Calbert Cheaney, American basketball player and coach

Cory Doctorow, Canadian author and activist

Nico Mattan, Belgian cyclist

Jason Clarke, Australian actor

Scott Johnson, American cartoonist

Jaan Kirsipuu, Estonian cyclist

Sten Tolgfors, Swedish lawyer and politician, 30th Swedish Minister of Defence

Alex Winter, British-American actor

Heather Langenkamp, American actress and producer

Regina Belle, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress

Letsie III of Lesotho

Matti Nykänen, Finnish ski jumper and singer (died 2019)

António Costa, Portuguese politician, 119th Prime Minister of Portugal

Jeremy Hardy, English comedian and actor (died 2019)

Kim Barnett, English cricketer and coach

Mark Burnett, English-American screenwriter and producer

Nancy Giles, American journalist and actress

Robin Shou, Hong Kong martial artist and actor

Dawn Upshaw, American soprano

Jan Wouters, Dutch footballer and manager

Pola Uddin, Baroness Uddin, Bangladeshi-English politician

Wong Kar-wai, Chinese director, producer, and screenwriter

Suzanne Moore, English journalist

Thérèse Rein, Australian businesswoman, founded Ingeus

Susan Silver, American music manager

Bruce Crump, American drummer and songwriter (died 2015)

Wendy Freedman, Canadian-American cosmologist and astronomer

Julie Bishop, Australian lawyer and politician, 38th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs

Bryan Trottier, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach

Sylvie Léonard, Canadian actress and screenwriter

Paul Stamets, American mycologist and author

Angela Merkel, German chemist and politician, Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021.

Edward Natapei, Vanuatuan politician, 6th Prime Minister of Vanuatu (died 2015)

J. Michael Straczynski, American author, screenwriter, and producer

David Hasselhoff, American actor, singer, and producer

Nicolette Larson, American singer-songwriter (died 1997)

Thé Lau, Dutch singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2015)

Robert R. McCammon, American author

Lucie Arnaz, American actress and singer

Mark Bowden, American journalist and author

Andrew Robathan, English soldier and politician, Minister of State for the Armed Forces

Sadhan Chandra Majumder, Bangladeshi politician

Tengku Sulaiman Shah, Malaysian corporate figure

Phoebe Snow, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2011)

Geezer Butler, English bass player and songwriter

Charley Steiner, American journalist and sportscaster

Ron Asheton, American guitarist and songwriter (died 2009)

Luc Bondy, Swiss director and producer (died 2015)

Joyce Anelay, Baroness Anelay of St John's, English educator and politician

Robert Begerau, German footballer and manager

Queen Camilla, Queen Consort of King Charles III of the United Kingdom

Wolfgang Flür, German musician (Kraftwerk)

Mick Tucker, English rock drummer (Sweet) (died 2002)

Chris Crutcher, American novelist and short story writer

Ted Sampley, American POW/MIA activist (died 2009)

Alexander, Crown Prince of Yugoslavia

John Patten, Baron Patten, English politician, Secretary of State for Education

Mark Burgess, New Zealand cricketer and footballer

Catherine Schell, Hungarian-English actress

Carlos Alberto Torres, Brazilian footballer and manager (died 2016)

LaVyrle Spencer, American author and educator

Gale Garnett, New Zealand–born Canadian singer

Connie Hawkins, American basketball player (died 2017)

Don Kessinger, American baseball player and manager

Zoot Money, English singer-songwriter and keyboard player (died 2024)

Daryle Lamonica, American football player (died 2022)

Bob Taylor, English cricketer

Achim Warmbold, German race car driver and manager

Tim Brooke-Taylor, English actor and screenwriter (died 2020)

Verne Lundquist, American sportscaster

Andrée Champagne, Canadian actress and politician (died 2020)

Spencer Davis, Welsh singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2020)

Hermann Huppen, Belgian author and illustrator (died 2026)

Diahann Carroll, American actress and singer (died 2019)

Peter Schickele, American composer and educator (died 2024)

Donald Sutherland, Canadian actor and producer (died 2024)

Lucio Tan, Chinese-Filipino billionaire businessman and educator

Keiko Awaji, Japanese actress (died 2014)

Karmenu Mifsud Bonnici, Maltese politician, 9th Prime Minister of Malta (died 2022)

Mimi Hines, Canadian singer and comedian (died 2024)

Tony Pithey, Zimbabwean-South African cricketer (died 2006)

Niccolò Castiglioni, Italian composer (died 1996)

Red Kerr, American basketball player and coach (died 2009)

Wojciech Kilar, Polish pianist and composer (died 2013)

Karla Kuskin, American author and illustrator (died 2009)

Slick Leonard, American basketball player and coach (died 2021)

Ian Moir, Australian rugby league player (died 1990)

Quino, Spanish-Argentinian cartoonist (died 2020)

Hal Riney, American businessman, founded Publicis & Hal Riney (died 2008)

Arthur Frommer, American travel writer (died 2024)

Sergei K. Godunov, Russian mathematician and academic (died 2023)

Vince Guaraldi, American singer-songwriter and pianist (died 1976)

Joe Morello, American jazz drummer (Dave Brubeck Quartet - "Blue Rondo à la Turk") (died 2011)

Édouard Carpentier, French-Canadian wrestler (died 2010)

Willis Carto, American activist and theorist (died 2015)

Jimmy Scott, American singer and actor (died 2014)

Mohammad Hasan Sharq, Afghan politician

Garde Gardom, Canadian lawyer and politician, 26th Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia (died 2013)

Jeanne Block, American psychologist (died 1981)

John Cooper, English car designer, co-founded the Cooper Car Company (died 2000)

George Barnes, American guitarist, producer, and songwriter (died 1977)

Louis Lachenal, French mountaineer (died 1955)

Mary Osborne, American guitarist (died 1992)

Toni Stone, American baseball player (died 1996)

František Zvarík, Slovak actor (died 2008)

Gordon Gould, American physicist and academic, invented the laser (died 2005)

Juan Antonio Samaranch, Spanish businessman, 7th President of the International Olympic Committee (died 2010)

Albert Stubbins, English footballer (died 2002)

Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio, Guatemalan soldier and politician, President of Guatemala (died 2003)

Lou Boudreau, American baseball player and manager (died 2001)

Phyllis Diller, American actress, comedian, and voice artist (died 2012)

Kenan Evren, Turkish general and politician, 7th President of Turkey (died 2015)

Christiane Rochefort, French author (died 1998)

Eleanor Hadley, American economist and policymaker (died 2007)

Bijon Bhattacharya, Indian actor, singer, and screenwriter (died 1978)

Arthur Rothstein, American photographer and educator (died 1985)

Eleanor Steber, American soprano and educator (died 1990)

Bertrand Goldberg, American architect, designed the Marina City Building (died 1997)

Erwin Bauer, German race car driver (died 1958)

Art Linkletter, Canadian-American radio and television host (died 2010)

Lionel Ferbos, American trumpet player (died 2014)

Heinz Lehmann, German-Canadian psychiatrist and academic (died 1999)

James Coyne, Canadian lawyer and banker, 2nd Governor of the Bank of Canada (died 2012)

Frank Olson, American chemist and microbiologist (died 1953)

William Gargan, American actor (died 1979)

Christina Stead, Australian author and academic (died 1983)

Luigi Chinetti, Italian-American race car driver (died 1994)

Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet and author (died 1938)

Patrick Smith, Irish farmer and politician, Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine (died 1982)

James Cagney, American actor and dancer (died 1986)

Berenice Abbott, American photographer (died 1991)

Osmond Borradaile, Canadian soldier and cinematographer (died 1999)

Rupert Atkinson, English RAF officer (died 1919)

Georges Lemaître, Belgian priest, astronomer, and cosmologist (died 1966)

Erle Stanley Gardner, American lawyer and author (died 1970)

Shmuel Yosef Agnon, Ukrainian-Israeli novelist, short story writer and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1970)

James Somerville, English admiral and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Somerset (died 1949)

Many Benner, French painter (died 1965)

Lyonel Feininger, German-American painter and illustrator (died 1956)

Charles Davidson Dunbar, Scottish soldier and bagpipe player (died 1939)

Henri Nathansen, Danish director and playwright (died 1944)

Alexius Meinong, Ukrainian-Austrian philosopher and academic (died 1920)

Ephraim Shay, American engineer, invented the Shay locomotive (died 1916)

Joseph-Alfred Mousseau, Canadian lawyer, judge, and politician, 7th Secretary of State for Canada (died 1886)

Xianfeng Emperor of China (died 1861)

Naser al-Din Shah of Qajar Iran (died 1896)

Leander Clark, American businessman, judge, and politician (died 1910)

Paul Delaroche, French painter and academic (died 1856)

John Wilbur, American minister and theologian (died 1856)

John Jacob Astor, German-American businessman and philanthropist (died 1848)

Elbridge Gerry, American merchant and politician, 5th Vice President of the United States (died 1814)

Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, German philosopher and academic (died 1762)

Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (died 1769)

Pierre Louis Maupertuis, French mathematician and philosopher (died 1759)

Christian Karl Reinhard of Leiningen-Dachsburg-Falkenburg-Heidesheim (died 1766)

Isaac Watts, English hymnwriter and theologian (died 1748)

Antoine de Créqui Canaples, Roman Catholic cardinal (died 1574)

Maria Salviati, Italian noblewoman (died 1543)

Ismail I of Iran (died 1524)

Felix Baumgartner, Austrian daredevil (born 1969)

Alan Bergman, American songwriter (born 1925)

Joanna Kołaczkowska, Polish cabaret performer (born 1966)

Cheng Pei-pei, Chinese actress (born 1946)

Mary Gibby, British botanist and professor (born 1949)

Bernice Johnson Reagon, American singer, songwriter and scholar (born 1942)

Pat Williams, American basketball player (born 1940)

John Lewis, American civil rights activist and politician (born 1940)

Ekaterina Alexandrovskaya, Russian-Australian pair skater (born 2000)

Marie Sophie Hingst, German historian and blogger who falsely claimed to be descended from Holocaust survivors

Jules Bianchi, French racing driver (born 1989)

Owen Chadwick, English rugby player, historian, and academic (born 1916)

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 victims:

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 victims:

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 victims:

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 victims:

Henry Hartsfield, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (born 1933)

Otto Piene, German sculptor and academic (born 1928)

Elaine Stritch, American actress and singer (born 1925)

Henri Alleg, English-French journalist and author (born 1921)

Vincenzo Cerami, Italian screenwriter and producer (born 1940)

David White, Scottish footballer and manager (born 1933)

İlhan Mimaroğlu, Turkish-American composer and producer (born 1926)

Marsha Singh, Indian-English politician (born 1954)

David Ngoombujarra, Australian actor (born 1967)

Taiji Sawada, Japanese musician (born 1966)

Walter Cronkite, American journalist and actor (born 1916)

Leszek Kołakowski, Polish historian and philosopher (born 1927)

Júlio Redecker, Brazilian politician (born 1956)

Mickey Spillane, American crime novelist (born 1918)

Geraldine Fitzgerald, Irish-American actress (born 1913)

Edward Heath, English colonel and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1916)

David Kelly, Welsh weapons inspector (born 1944)

Rosalyn Tureck, American pianist and harpsichord player (born 1914)

Walter Zapp, Latvian-Swiss inventor, invented the Minox (born 1905)

Joseph Luns, Dutch politician and Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs (born 1911)

Katharine Graham, American publisher (born 1917)

Lillian Hoban, American author and illustrator (born 1925)

Chas Chandler, English bass player and producer (born 1938)

Juan Manuel Fangio, Argentinian race car driver (born 1911)

Jean Borotra, French tennis player (born 1898)

Paul Tiulana, Iñupiat artist and dancer (born 1921)

Itubwa Amram, Nauruan pastor and politician (born 1922)

Bruiser Brody, American football player and wrestler (born 1946)

Don "Red" Barry, American actor and screenwriter (born 1912)

Boris Delaunay, Russian mathematician and academic (born 1890)

Konstantine Gamsakhurdia, Georgian author (born 1893)

Dizzy Dean, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1910)

John Coltrane, American saxophonist and composer (born 1926)

Ty Cobb, American baseball player and manager (born 1886)

Emin Halid Onat, Turkish architect and academic (born 1908)

Maud Menten, Canadian physician and biochemist (born 1879)

Billie Holiday, American singer (born 1915)

Eugene Meyer, American businessman and publisher (born 1875)

Evangeline Booth, English 4th General of The Salvation Army (born 1865)

Antonie Nedošinská, Czech actress (born 1885)

Florence Fuller, South African-born Australian artist (born 1867)

Dragoljub Mihailović, Serbian and Yugoslav general, leader of the Yugoslav army in the fatherland (born 1893)

Ernst Busch, German field marshal (born 1885)

William James Sidis, American mathematician and anthropologist (born 1898)

Robina Nicol, New Zealand photographer and suffragist (born 1861)

George William Russell, Irish poet and painter (born 1867)

Rasmus Rasmussen, Norwegian actor, singer, and director (born 1862)

Giovanni Giolitti, Italian politician, 13th Prime Minister of Italy (born 1842)

Álvaro Obregón, Mexican general and politician, 39th President of Mexico (born 1880)

Lovis Corinth, German painter (born 1858)

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Victims of the Shooting of the Romanov family:

Henri Poincaré, French mathematician, physicist, and engineer (born 1854)

Hector Malot, French author and critic (born 1830)

Thomas McIlwraith, Scottish-Australian politician, 8th Premier of Queensland (born 1835)

Leconte de Lisle, French poet and translator (born 1818)

Josef Hyrtl, Austrian anatomist and biologist (born 1810)

Jean-Charles Chapais, Canadian farmer and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Agriculture (born 1811)

Tự Đức, Vietnamese emperor (born 1829)

Jim Bridger, American scout and explorer (born 1804)

Maurycy Gottlieb, Ukrainian-Polish painter (born 1856)

Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet and politician (born 1812)

Karl Tausig, Polish virtuoso pianist, arranger and composer (born 1841)

Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, English politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (born 1764)

John Roebuck, English chemist and businessman (born 1718)

Charlotte Corday, French murderer (born 1768)

Martin Dobrizhoffer, Austrian missionary and author (born 1717)

Adam Smith, Scottish economist and philosopher (born 1723)

Peter III of Russia (born 1728)

Thomas King, English and British soldier, MP for Queenborough, lieutenant-governor of Sheerness (born before 1660?).

Robert Bolling, English planter and merchant (born 1646)

Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (born 1657)

Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, English-Scottish politician, Lord Chamberlain of the United Kingdom (born 1587)

William, Count of Nassau-Siegen, German count, field marshal of the Dutch State Army (born 1592)

Mózes Székely, Hungarian noble (born 1553)

Mimar Sinan, Ottoman architect and engineer, designed the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque and Süleymaniye Mosque (born 1489)

Georg Fabricius, German poet and historian (born 1516)

Hosokawa Takakuni, Japanese commander (born 1484)

Dmitry Shemyaka, Grand Prince of Moscow

John Talbot, 1st Earl of Shrewsbury, English commander and politician (born 1387)

Jadwiga, queen of Poland (born 1374)

Edmund Mortimer, 2nd Baron Mortimer (born 1251)

Sverker II, king of Sweden (born before 1167)

Baldwin VII, count of Flanders (born 1093)

Robert Guiscard, Norman adventurer

Baldwin VI, count of Flanders (born 1030)

Du, empress dowager of the Song dynasty

Wu Hanyue, Chinese noblewoman (born 913)

Leo IV, pope of the Catholic Church (born 790)

Magnus Felix Ennodius, Gallo-Roman bishop