January 6 in History

Justin Trudeau announces his resignation as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada and Prime Minister of Canada after nine years in office.

Supporters of U.S. president Donald Trump storm the United States Capitol Building to disrupt certification of the 2020 presidential election, resulting in four deaths and evacuation of the U.S. Congress.

Muhammad V of Kelantan resigns as the Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia, becoming the first monarch to do so.

Five people are killed and six others injured in a mass shooting at Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport in Broward County, Florida.

Twenty-six people are killed and 63 wounded when a suicide bomber blows himself up at a police station in Damascus.

Edgar Ray Killen is indicted for the 1964 murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner during the American Civil Rights Movement.

A train collision in Graniteville, South Carolina, United States, releases about 60 tons of chlorine gas.

A chemical fire in an apartment complex in Manila, Philippines, leads to the discovery of plans for Project Bojinka, a mass-terrorist attack.

U.S. figure skater Nancy Kerrigan is attacked and injured by an assailant hired by her rival Tonya Harding's ex-husband during the U.S. Figure Skating Championships.

Indian Border Security Force units kill 55 Kashmiri civilians in Sopore, Jammu and Kashmir, in revenge after militants ambushed a BSF patrol.

Four people are killed when Lufthansa CityLine Flight 5634 crashes on approach to Charles de Gaulle Airport in Roissy-en-France, France.

President of Georgia Zviad Gamsakhurdia flees the country as a result of the military coup.

Satwant Singh and Kehar Singh are sentenced to death for conspiracy in the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi; the two men are executed the same day.

In response to the 1973 oil crisis, the United States implements the Emergency Daylight Saving Time Energy Conservation Act, switching to permanent daylight saving time for a trial period.

Aeroflot Flight H-75 crashes near Mukachevo, killing 24.

Allegheny Airlines Flight 737 crashes in Lafayette Township, McKean County, Pennsylvania, United States, killing 11.

Aeroflot Flight 1668 crashes near Olyokminsk, killing 45.

Vietnam War: United States Marine Corps and ARVN troops launch "Operation Deckhouse Five" in the Mekong River delta.

National Airlines Flight 2511 is destroyed in mid-air by a bomb, while en route from New York City to Miami.

The Associations Law comes into force in Iraq, allowing registration of political parties.

Korean War: Beginning of the Ganghwa massacre, in the course of which an estimated 200–1,300 South Korean communist sympathizers are slaughtered.

Pan American Airlines becomes the first commercial airline to offer a round-the-world ticket.

The first general election ever in Vietnam is held.

United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt delivers his Four Freedoms speech in the State of the Union address.

King Alexander of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes suspends his country's constitution, starting the January 6th Dictatorship.

Mother Teresa arrives by sea in Calcutta, India, to begin her work among India's poorest and sick people.

New Mexico is admitted to the Union as the 47th U.S. state.

German geophysicist Alfred Wegener first presents his theory of continental drift.

Second Boer War: Having already besieged the fortress at Ladysmith, Boer forces attack it, but are driven back by British defenders.

The Night of the Big Wind, the most damaging storm in 300 years, sweeps across Ireland, damaging or destroying more than 20% of the houses in Dublin.

Alfred Vail and colleagues demonstrate a telegraph system using dots and dashes (this is the forerunner of Morse code).

Combined British, Portuguese and colonial Brazilian forces begin the Invasion of Cayenne during the Napoleonic Wars.

In the Battle of Jersey, the British defeat the last attempt by France to invade Jersey in the Channel Islands.

J. S. Bach leads the first performance of Liebster Immanuel, Herzog der Frommen, BWV 123, a chorale cantata for Epiphany.

Sie werden aus Saba alle kommen, BWV 65, a Bach cantata, for Epiphany, is performed the first time.

The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings, revealing details of fraud among company directors and corrupt politicians.

English Restoration: The Fifth Monarchists unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London, England. The revolt is suppressed after a few days.

Arauco War: The first Parliament of Quillín is celebrated, putting a temporary hold on hostilities between Mapuches and Spanish in Chile.

The Union of Arras unites the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma (Ottavio Farnese), governor in the name of King Philip II of Spain.

King Henry VIII of England marries Anne of Cleves.

The first European school of higher learning in the Americas, Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, is founded by Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza and Bishop Juan de Zumárraga in Mexico City.

The Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella enter Granada at the conclusion of the Granada War.

Constantine XI is crowned Byzantine Emperor at Mystras.

Charles IV of Bohemia is crowned with the Iron Crown of Lombardy as King of Italy in Milan.

Stephen Uroš III is crowned King of Serbia, having defeated his half-brother Stefan Konstantin in battle. His son is crowned "young king" in the same ceremony.

Philip of Swabia undergoes a second coronation as King of the Romans.

Following the death of Edward the Confessor on the previous day, the Witan meets to confirm Harold Godwinson as the new King of England; Harold is crowned the same day, sparking a succession crisis that will eventually lead to the Norman conquest of England.

Stefanos Tzimas, Greek footballer

MattyBRaps, American rapper, singer, and YouTuber

Fiete Arp, German footballer

Mohamed Camara, Malian footballer

Kwon Eun-bin, South Korean singer and actress

Jack McBain, Canadian ice hockey player

Shuhua, Taiwanese singer

Tyler Oliveira, American YouTuber

Polo G, American rapper

Mac McClung, American basketball player

Michel Aebischer, Swiss footballer

Courtney Eaton, Australian model and actress

Catriona Gray, Filipino-Australian model, singer and beauty queen, Miss Universe 2018

Denis Suárez, Spanish footballer

Jameis Winston, American football player

Jay B, South Korean singer

Pat Connaughton, American basketball player

Jesús Manuel Corona, Mexican footballer

Jérôme Roussillon, French-Guadeloupean footballer

Corey Conners, Canadian professional golfer

Duarte Alves, Portuguese politician

Will Barton, American basketball player

Kevin Gausman, American baseball player

Cristian Erbes, Argentine footballer

Sean Kilpatrick, American basketball player

Alex Teixeira, Brazilian footballer

Andy Carroll, English footballer

Sergio León, Spanish footballer

Derrick Morgan, American football player

Arin Hanson, American YouTuber

Bongani Khumalo, South African footballer

Ndamukong Suh, American football player

Paul McShane, Irish footballer

Petter Northug, Norwegian skier

Irina Shayk, Russian fashion model

Alex Turner, English singer, songwriter, and musician

A. J. Hawk, American football player and analyst

Kate McKinnon, American actress and comedian

Eric Trump, American businessman

Adam Burish, American ice hockey player

Chen Nan, Chinese basketball player

Gilbert Arenas, American basketball player

Roy Asotasi, New Zealand rugby league player

Tiffany Pollard, American television personality

Israel Damonte, Argentine footballer and manager

Eddie Redmayne, English actor and model

Rinko Kikuchi, Japanese actress

Asante Samuel, American football player

Casey Fossum, American baseball player

Bubba Franks, American football player

Johan Davidsson, Swedish ice hockey player

Danny Pintauro, American actor

Richard Zedník, Slovak ice hockey player

James Farrior, American football player

Marlon Anderson, American baseball player and sportscaster

Daniel Cordone, Argentinian footballer

Paul Grant, American basketball player and coach

Vasso Karantasiou, Greek beach volleyball player

Irwin Thomas, American-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist

Leonardo Astrada, Argentine footballer and manager

Julie Chen Moonves, American television personality, presenter, and producer

Radoslav Látal, Czech footballer and manager

Gabrielle Reece, American volleyball player, sportscaster, and actress

Norman Reedus, American actor and model

Aron Eisenberg, American actor and podcaster (died 2019)

John Singleton, American director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2019)

A. R. Rahman, Indian composer, singer-songwriter, music producer, musician, and philanthropist

Sharon Cuneta, Filipino singer and actress

Attilio Lombardo, Italian footballer and manager

Bjørn Lomborg, Danish author and academic

Charles Haley, American football player

Jyrki Kasvi, Finnish journalist and politician (died 2021)

Jacqueline Moore, American wrestler and manager

Norm Charlton, American baseball player and coach

Paul Kipkoech, Kenyan runner (died 1995)

Georges Jobé, Belgian motocross racer (died 2012)

Nigel Melville, English rugby player

Peter Whittle, British politician, author, journalist, and broadcaster (died 2025)

Paul Azinger, American golfer and sportscaster

Kari Jalonen, Finnish ice hockey player and coach

Nigella Lawson, English chef and author

Howie Long, American football player and sports commentator

Kapil Dev, Indian cricketer

Shlomo Glickstein, Israeli tennis player

Michael Foale, British-American astrophysicist and astronaut

Nancy Lopez, American golfer and sportscaster

Elizabeth Strout, American novelist and short story writer

Justin Welby, English archbishop

Clive Woodward, English rugby player and coach

Rowan Atkinson, English actor, producer, and screenwriter

Debbie Mathers, Mother of Eminem (died 2024)

Anthony Minghella, English director and screenwriter (died 2008)

Malcolm Young, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer (died 2017)

Don Gullett, American baseball player and coach (died 2024)

Kim Wilson, American singer-songwriter and harmonica player

Louis Freeh, American lawyer and jurist, 10th Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

Mike Boit, Kenyan runner and academic

Carolyn D. Wright, American poet and academic (died 2016)

Guy Gardner, American colonel and astronaut

Dayle Hadlee, New Zealand cricketer

Sandy Denny, English folk-rock singer-songwriter (died 1978)

Syd Barrett, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2006)

Barry John, Welsh rugby player (died 2024)

Jayanthi (actress), Indian film actress (died 2021)

Bonnie Franklin, American actress and singer (died 2013)

Alan Stivell, French singer-songwriter and harp player

Rolf M. Zinkernagel, Swiss immunologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate

Terry Venables, English footballer and manager (died 2023)

Van McCoy, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 1979)

Valeriy Lobanovskyi, Ukrainian footballer and manager (died 2002)

Murray Rose, English-Australian swimmer and sportscaster (died 2012)

Adriano Celentano, Italian singer-songwriter, actor, and director

Adrienne Clarke, Australian botanist and academic

Rajnikumar Pandya, Indian writer, journalist (died 2025)

Larisa Shepitko, Soviet film director, screenwriter, and actress (died 1979)

Ludvík Daněk, Czech discus thrower (died 1998)

Lou Holtz, American football player, coach, and sportscaster (died 2026)

Doris Troy, American singer-songwriter (died 2004)

Darlene Hard, American tennis player (died 2021)

Julio María Sanguinetti, Uruguayan journalist, lawyer, and politician, 29th President of Uruguay

Ian Meckiff, Australian cricketer

Nino Tempo, American musician, singer, and actor (died 2025)

Harry M. Miller, New Zealand-Australian talent agent and publicist (died 2018)

Sylvia Syms, English actress (died 2023)

John Clive, English actor and author (died 2012)

Oleg Grigoryevich Makarov, Russian engineer and astronaut (died 2003)

Simon Oates, English actor (died 2009)

Stuart A. Rice, American chemist and academic (died 2024)

E. L. Doctorow, American novelist, playwright, and short story writer (died 2015)

Vic Tayback, American actor (died 1990)

Capucine, French actress and model (died 1990)

Jesse Leonard Steinfeld, American physician and academic, 11th Surgeon General of the United States (died 2014)

Ralph Branca, American baseball player (died 2016)

Pat Flaherty, American race car driver (died 2002)

Mickey Hargitay, Hungarian-American actor and bodybuilder (died 2006)

John DeLorean, American engineer and businessman, founded the DeLorean Motor Company (died 2005)

Kim Dae-jung, South Korean soldier and politician, 8th President of South Korea, Nobel Prize laureate (died 2009)

Earl Scruggs, American banjo player (died 2012)

Vladimir Kazantsev, Russian runner (died 2007)

Norman Kirk, New Zealand engineer and politician, 29th Prime Minister of New Zealand (died 1974)

Jacobo Timerman, Argentinian journalist and author (died 1999)

Marianne Grunberg-Manago, Russian-French biochemist and academic (died 2013)

Cary Middlecoff, American golfer and sportscaster (died 1998)

Henry Corden, Canadian-born American actor (died 2005)

John Maynard Smith, English biologist and geneticist (died 2004)

Sun Myung Moon, Korean religious leader; founder of the Unification Church (died 2012)

Early Wynn, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster (died 1999)

Koo Chen-fu, Taiwanese businessman and diplomat (died 2005)

Park Mok-wol, influential Korean poet and academic (died 1978)

Don Edwards, American soldier, lawyer, and politician (died 2015)

John C. Lilly, American psychoanalyst, physician, and philosopher (died 2001)

Alan Watts, English-American philosopher and author (died 1973)

Godfrey Edward Arnold, Austrian-American physician and academic (died 1989)

Edward Gierek, Polish lawyer and politician (died 2001)

Loretta Young, American actress (died 2000)

Jacques Ellul, French philosopher and critic (died 1994)

Danny Thomas, American actor, comedian, producer, and humanitarian (died 1991)

Kid Chocolate, Cuban boxer (died 1988)

Wright Morris, American author and photographer (died 1998)

Maurice Abravanel, Greek-American pianist and conductor (died 1993)

Maria of Yugoslavia, Queen of Yugoslavia (died 1961)

Heinrich Nordhoff, German engineer (died 1968)

James Fitzmaurice, Irish soldier and pilot (died 1965)

Ted McDonald, Australian cricketer (died 1937)

Dida Dederding, Danish doctor and academic (died 1955)

Kahlil Gibran, Lebanese-American poet, painter, and philosopher (died 1931)

Fan S. Noli, Albanian-American bishop and politician, 13th Prime Minister of Albania (died 1965)

Sam Rayburn, American lawyer and politician, 48th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (died 1961)

Ion Minulescu, Romanian author, poet, and critic (died 1944)

Tom Mix, American cowboy and actor (died 1940)

Adeline Genée, Danish-born British ballerina (died 1970)

Carl Sandburg, American poet and historian (died 1967)

Fred Niblo, American actor, director, and producer (died 1948)

Alexander Scriabin, Russian pianist and composer (died 1915)

Gustav Bauer, German journalist and politician, 11th Chancellor of Germany (died 1944)

Victor Horta, Belgian architect, designed Hôtel van Eetvelde (died 1947)

George Lloyd, English-Canadian bishop and theologian (died 1940)

Morton Selten, British actor (died 1939)

Samuel Alexander, Australian-English philosopher and academic (died 1938)

Hugh Mahon, Irish-Australian publisher and politician, 10th Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs (died 1931)

William Russell, American lawyer and politician, Governor of Massachusetts (died 1896)

Giuseppe Martucci, Italian pianist, composer, and conductor (died 1909)

Clarence King, American geologist, mountaineer, and critic (died 1901)

Max Bruch, German composer and conductor (died 1920)

Gustave Doré, French painter and sculptor (died 1883)

Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist and businessman (died 1890)

Charles Sumner, American lawyer and politician (died 1874)

Joseph Pitty Couthouy, American conchologist and paleontologist (died 1864)

Joseph Petzval, German-Hungarian mathematician and physicist (died 1891)

Henri Herz, Austrian pianist and composer (died 1888)

Jedediah Smith, American hunter, explorer, and author (died 1831)

Anselme Payen, French chemist and academic (died 1871)

James Madison Porter, American lawyer and politician, 18th United States Secretary of War (died 1862)

Andreas Moustoxydis, Greek historian and philologist (died 1860)

José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia, Paraguayan lawyer and politician, first dictator of Paraguay (died 1840)

Jacques-Etienne Montgolfier, French co-inventor of the hot air balloon (died 1799)

Percivall Pott, English surgeon (died 1788)

José de Nebra, Spanish composer (died 1768)

Giuseppe Sammartini, Italian oboe player and composer (died 1750)

James Brydges, 1st Duke of Chandos, English academic and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Radnorshire (died 1744)

Eleonor Magdalene of Neuburg (died 1720)

Anne Hamilton, 3rd Duchess of Hamilton, Scottish peeress (died 1716)

Christoffer Gabel, Danish politician (died 1673)

Claude Favre de Vaugelas, French educator and courtier (died 1650)

Gaspar de Guzmán, Count-Duke of Olivares (died 1645)

Thomas Fincke, Danish mathematician and physicist (died 1656)

Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria (died 1612)

Caspar Peucer, German physician and scholar (died 1602)

John of Ávila, Spanish mystic and saint (died 1569)

Olaus Petri, Swedish clergyman (died 1552)

Helius Eobanus Hessus, German poet (died 1540)

Martin Agricola, German composer and theorist (died 1556)

Joan of Arc, French martyr and saint (died 1431)

Edmund Holland, 4th Earl of Kent (died 1408)

Richard II of England (died 1400)

Gertrude the Great, German mystic (died 1302)

Mary Lou Kownacki, American Roman Catholic nun, peace activist, and writer (born 1941)

Peter Bogdanovich, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1939)

Sidney Poitier, Bahamian-American actor, director, and diplomat (born 1927)

Francisco Sionil Jose, Philippine novelist (born 1924)

Ashli Babbitt, American participant in the January 6 United States Capitol attack

Gordon Renwick, Canadian ice hockey administrator and businessman (born 1935)

James Cross, British diplomat kidnapped during the 1970 October crisis in Québec (born 1921)

Richard Maponya, South African businessman (born 1920)

José Ramón Fernández, Cuban revolution leader (born 1923)

Lamin Sanneh, Gambian-born American professor (born 1942)

W. Morgan Sheppard, British actor (born 1932)

Paul Streeten, Austrian-born British economics professor (born 1917)

Octavio Lepage, Venezuelan politician, President of Venezuela (born 1923)

Om Puri, Indian actor (born 1950)

Pat Harrington, Jr., American actor and screenwriter (born 1929)

Florence King, American journalist and author (born 1936)

Christy O'Connor Jnr, Irish golfer and architect (born 1948)

Silvana Pampanini, Italian model, actress, and director, Miss Italy 1946 (born 1925)

Basil John Mason, English meteorologist and academic (born 1923)

Marina Ginestà, French Resistance soldier and photographer (born 1919)

Nelson Ned, Brazilian singer-songwriter (born 1947)

Julian Rotter, American psychologist and academic (born 1916)

Ruth Carter Stevenson, American art collector, founded the Amon Carter Museum of American Art (born 1923)

Bob Holness, South African-English radio and television host (born 1928)

Uche Okafor, Nigerian footballer, coach, and sportscaster (born 1967)

Shmuel Berenbaum, Rabbi of Mir Yeshiva (Brooklyn) (born 1920)

Roberta Wohlstetter, American political scientist, historian, and academic (born 1912)

Lou Rawls, American singer-songwriter (born 1933)

Eileen Desmond, Irish civil servant and politician, 12th Irish Minister for Health (born 1932)

Lois Hole, Canadian academic and politician, 15th Lieutenant Governor of Alberta (born 1929)

Tarquinio Provini, Italian motorcycle racer (born 1933)

Pierre Charles, Dominican educator and politician, 5th Prime Minister of Dominica (born 1954)

Michel Petrucciani, French-American pianist (born 1962)

Joe Slovo, Lithuanian-South African lawyer and politician (born 1926)

Dizzy Gillespie, American singer-songwriter and trumpet player (born 1917)

Rudolf Nureyev, Russian-French dancer and choreographer (born 1938)

Steve Gilpin, New Zealand vocalist and songwriter (born 1949)

Alan Wiggins, American baseball player (born 1958)

Ian Charleson, Scottish-English actor (born 1949)

Pavel Cherenkov, Russian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1904)

Ernest Laszlo, Hungarian-American cinematographer (born 1898)

A. J. Cronin, Scottish physician and author (born 1896)

Burt Munro, New Zealand motorcycle racer (born 1899)

David Alfaro Siqueiros, Mexican painter (born 1896)

Chen Yi, Chinese general and politician, Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China (born 1901)

Jean Lurçat, French painter (born 1892)

Victor Fleming, American director, producer, and cinematographer (born 1883)

Vladimir Vernadsky, Russian mineralogist and chemist (born 1863)

Ida Tarbell, American journalist, reformer, and educator (born 1857)

Emma Calvé, French soprano and actress (born 1858)

Henri de Baillet-Latour, Belgian aristocrat, 3rd President of the International Olympic Committee (born 1876)

Charley O'Leary, American baseball player and coach (born 1875)

André Bessette, Canadian saint (born 1845)

Herbert Chapman, English footballer and manager (born 1878)

Vladimir de Pachmann, Russian pianist (born 1848)

Alvin Kraenzlein, American hurdler and long jumper (born 1876)

Wilhelm Ramsay, Finnish geologist and professor (born 1865)

Jakob Rosanes, German mathematician and chess player (born 1842)

Devil Anse Hatfield, American Confederate guerrilla and leader of the Hatfield clan during the Hatfield-McCoy feud (born 1839)

Theodore Roosevelt, American colonel and politician, 26th President of the United States (born 1858)

Georg Cantor, German mathematician and philosopher (born 1845)

Hendrick Peter Godfried Quack, Dutch economist and historian (born 1834)

Lars Hertervig, Norwegian painter (born 1830)

Bharatendu Harishchandra, Indian author, poet, and playwright (born 1850)

Gregor Mendel, Czech geneticist and botanist (born 1822)

Richard Henry Dana Jr., American lawyer and politician (born 1815)

Giacomo Beltrami, Italian jurist, explorer, and author (born 1779)

Louis Braille, French educator, invented Braille (born 1809)

Frances Burney, English author and playwright (born 1752)

Rodolphe Kreutzer, French violinist, composer, and conductor (born 1766)

Josef Dobrovský, Czech philologist and historian (born 1753)

John Dennis, English playwright and critic (born 1657)

Étienne François Geoffroy, French physician and chemist (born 1672)

Chikamatsu Monzaemon, Japanese actor and playwright (born 1653)

Mehmed IV, Ottoman sultan (born 1642)

Seth Ward, English bishop, mathematician, and astronomer (born 1617)

Philip Henslowe, English impresario (born 1550)

Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence (born 1510)

Baldassare Peruzzi, Italian architect and painter, designed the Palazzo Massimo alle Colonne (born 1481)

Uzun Hasan, Shahanshah of the Turkoman Aq Qoyunlu dynasty (born 1423)

Christopher of Bavaria, King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden (born 1418)

Roger Walden, English bishop

Gertrude van der Oosten, Beguine mystic

Raymond of Penyafort, Catalan archbishop and saint (born 1175)

Matilda of Chester, Countess of Huntingdon, Anglo-Norman noblewoman (born 1171)

Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke (born 1100)

Berengar of Tours, French scholar and theologian (born 999)

Abo of Tiflis, Iraqi martyr and saint (born 756)