Events

2021

Former U.S. President Donald Trump is acquitted in his second impeachment trial.

2021

A major winter storm causes blackouts and kills at least 82 people in Texas and northern Mexico.

2017

Kim Jong-nam, brother of North Korean dictator Kim Jong-un, is assassinated at Kuala Lumpur International Airport.

2012

The European Space Agency (ESA) conducted the first launch of the European Vega rocket from Europe's spaceport in Kourou, French Guiana.

2011

For the first time in more than 100 years the Umatilla, an American Indian tribe, are able to hunt and harvest a bison just outside Yellowstone National Park, restoring a centuries-old tradition guaranteed by a treaty signed in 1855.

2010

A bomb explodes in the city of Pune, Maharashtra, India, killing 17 and injuring 60 more.

2008

Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd makes a historic apology to the Indigenous Australians and the Stolen Generations.

2007

Taiwan opposition leader Ma Ying-jeou resigns as the chairman of the Kuomintang party after being indicted on charges of embezzlement during his tenure as the mayor of Taipei; Ma also announces his candidacy for the 2008 presidential election.

2004

The Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics announces the discovery of the universe's largest known diamond, white dwarf star BPM 37093. Astronomers named this star "Lucy" after The Beatles' song "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds".

2001

A magnitude 6.6 earthquake hits El Salvador, killing at least 315.

1996

The Nepalese Civil War is initiated in the Kingdom of Nepal by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Centre).

1991

Gulf War: Two laser-guided "smart bombs" destroy the Amiriyah shelter in Baghdad. Allied forces said the bunker was being used as a military communications outpost, but over 400 Iraqi civilians inside were killed.

1984

Konstantin Chernenko succeeds the late Yuri Andropov as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.

1983

A cinema fire in Turin, Italy, kills 64 people.

1981

A series of sewer explosions destroys more than two miles of streets in Louisville, Kentucky.

1979

An intense windstorm strikes western Washington and sinks a 0.5-mile (0.80 km) long section of the Hood Canal Bridge.

1978

Hilton bombing: A bomb explodes in a refuse truck outside the Hilton Hotel in Sydney, Australia, killing two refuse collectors and a policeman.

1975

Fire at One World Trade Center (North Tower) of the World Trade Center in New York.

1967

American researchers discover the Madrid Codices by Leonardo da Vinci in the National Library of Spain.

1961

An allegedly 500,000-year-old rock is discovered near Olancha, California, US, that appears to anachronistically encase a spark plug.

1960

With the success of a nuclear test codenamed "Gerboise Bleue", France becomes the fourth country to possess nuclear weapons.

1960

Black college students stage the first of the Nashville sit-ins at three lunch counters in Nashville, Tennessee.

1955

Israel obtains four of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls.

1955

Twenty-nine people are killed when Sabena Flight 503 crashes into Monte Terminillo near Rieti, Italy.

1954

Frank Selvy becomes the only NCAA Division I basketball player ever to score 100 points in a single game.

1951

Korean War: Battle of Chipyong-ni, which represented the "high-water mark" of the Chinese incursion into South Korea, commences.

1945

World War II: The siege of Budapest concludes with the unconditional surrender of German and Hungarian forces to the Red Army.

1945

World War II: Royal Air Force bombers are dispatched to Dresden, Germany to attack the city with a massive aerial bombardment.

1935

A jury in Flemington, New Jersey finds Bruno Hauptmann guilty of the 1932 kidnapping and murder of the Lindbergh baby, the son of Charles Lindbergh.

1931

The British Raj completes its transfer from Calcutta to New Delhi.

1920

The Negro National League is formed.

1914

Copyright: In New York City the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers is established to protect the copyrighted musical compositions of its members.

1913

The 13th Dalai Lama proclaims Tibetan independence following a period of domination by Manchu Qing dynasty and initiates a period of almost four decades of independence.

1880

Thomas Edison observes thermionic emission.

1867

Work begins on the covering of the Senne, burying Brussels's primary river and creating the modern central boulevards.

1861

Italian unification: The Siege of Gaeta ends with the capitulation of the defending fortress, effectively bringing an end of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.

1849

The delegation headed by Metropolitan bishop Andrei Șaguna hands out to the Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria the General Petition of Romanian leaders in Transylvania, Banat and Bukovina, which demands that the Romanian nation be recognized.

1820

The Assassination of the Duke of Berry takes place in Paris. The Duke of Berry, nephew of Louis XVIII, is stabbed to death while attending the Paris Opera.

1755

Treaty of Giyanti signed by VOC, Pakubuwono III and Prince Mangkubumi. The treaty divides the Javanese kingdom of Mataram into two: Sunanate of Surakarta and Sultanate of Yogyakarta.

1726

Parliament of Negrete between Mapuche and Spanish authorities in Chile brings an end to the Mapuche uprising of 1723–26.

1692

Massacre of Glencoe: Almost 80 Macdonalds at Glen Coe, Scotland are killed early in the morning for not promptly pledging allegiance to the new king, William of Orange.

1689

William III and Mary II are proclaimed co-rulers of England.

1660

With the accession of young Charles XI of Sweden, his regents begin negotiations to end the Second Northern War.

1642

The Clergy Act becomes law, excluding bishops of the Church of England from serving in the House of Lords.

1633

Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition.

1542

Catherine Howard, the fifth wife of Henry VIII of England, is executed for adultery.

1503

Challenge of Barletta: Tournament between 13 Italian and 13 French knights near Barletta.

1462

The Treaty of Westminster is finalised between Edward IV of England and the Scottish Lord of the Isles.

1352

War of the Straits: The Battle of the Bosporus is fought in a stormy sea into the night between the Genoese, Venetian, Aragonese, and Byzantine fleets.

1322

The central tower of Ely Cathedral falls on the night of 12th–13th.

1258

Siege of Baghdad: Hulegu Khan, a prince of the Mongol Empire, orders his army to sack and plunder the city of Baghdad, which they had just captured.

962

Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor and Pope John XII co-sign the Diploma Ottonianum, recognising John as ruler of Rome.

Births

2005

Sergio Mestre, Spanish footballer

2003

Raúl Asencio, Spanish footballer

2002

Jaden Ivey, American basketball player

2002

Sophia Lillis, American actress

2001

Kaapo Kakko, Finnish ice hockey player

2000

Vitinha, Portuguese footballer

1995

Kendall Fuller, American football player

1995

Georges-Kévin Nkoudou, French-Cameroonian footballer

1994

Memphis Depay, Dutch footballer

1992

Keith Appling, American basketball player

1991

Eliaquim Mangala, French footballer

1991

Vianney, French singer

1991

Luke Voit, American baseball player

1990

Nathan Eovaldi, American baseball player

1990

Mamadou Sakho, French footballer

1989

Rodrigo Possebon, Brazilian footballer

1988

Ryan Goins, American baseball player

1988

Dave Rudden, Irish author

1987

Eljero Elia, Dutch footballer

1986

Luke Moore, English footballer

1986

Aqib Talib, American football player

1985

Somdev Devvarman, Indian tennis player

1985

J. R. Giddens, American basketball player

1985

Kwak Ji-min, South Korean actress

1985

Al Montoya, American ice hockey player

1984

Hinkelien Schreuder, Dutch swimmer

1983

Mike Nickeas, Canadian baseball player

1983

Anna Watkins, English rower

1982

Even Helte Hermansen, Norwegian guitarist and composer

1982

Michael Turner, American football player

1981

Luisão, Brazilian footballer

1981

Luke Ridnour, American basketball player

1980

Carlos Cotto, Puerto Rican-American wrestler and boxer

1979

Anders Behring Breivik, Norwegian mass murderer

1979

Rafael Márquez, Mexican footballer

1979

Rachel Reeves, English economist and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer

1979

Mena Suvari, American actress and fashion designer

1978

Niklas Bäckström, Finnish ice hockey player

1978

Philippe Jaroussky, French singer

1978

Cory Murphy, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

1977

Randy Moss, American football player and coach

1976

Jörg Bergmeister, German race car driver

1976

Feist, Canadian singer-songwriter and musician

1975

Ben Collins, English race car driver

1975

Katie Hopkins, English media personality and columnist

1974

Fonzworth Bentley, American rapper and actor

1974

Robbie Williams, English singer-songwriter

1972

Virgilijus Alekna, Lithuanian discus thrower

1972

Juha Ylönen, Finnish ice hockey player

1971

Sonia Evans, English singer-songwriter

1971

Mats Sundin, Swedish ice hockey player

1971

Todd Williams, American baseball player

1970

Elmer Bennett, American basketball player

1970

Karoline Krüger, Norwegian singer-songwriter and pianist

1969

Joyce DiDonato, American soprano and actress

1969

Bryan Thomas Schmidt, American science fiction author and editor

1968

Kelly Hu, American actress

1967

Stanimir Stoilov, Bulgarian footballer and coach

1966

Neal McDonough, American actor and producer

1966

Jeff Waters, Canadian guitarist, songwriter, and producer

1966

Freedom Williams, American rapper and singer

1965

Peter O'Neill, Papua New Guinean accountant and politician, 7th Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea

1964

Stephen Bowen, American engineer, captain, and astronaut

1964

Ylva Johansson, Swedish educator and politician, Swedish Minister of Employment

1962

Aníbal Acevedo Vilá, Puerto Rican lawyer and politician

1962

Baby Doll, American wrestler and manager

1962

Michele Greene, American actress

1961

Marc Crawford, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

1961

cEvin Key, Canadian singer-songwriter, drummer, keyboard player, and producer

1961

Henry Rollins, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actor

1960

Pierluigi Collina, Italian footballer and referee

1960

John Healey, English journalist and politician

1960

Gary Patterson, American football player and coach

1960

Matt Salinger, American actor

1960

Artur Yusupov, Russian-German chess player and author

1959

Gaston Gingras, Canadian ice hockey player

1958

Pernilla August, Swedish actress

1958

Øivind Elgenes, Norwegian singer, guitarist, and composer

1958

Marc Emery, Canadian publisher and activist

1958

Jean-François Lisée, Canadian journalist and politician

1958

Derek Riggs, English painter and illustrator

1957

Denise Austin, American fitness trainer and author

1956

Peter Hook, English singer, songwriter, musician, and record producer

1955

Joe Birkett, American lawyer, judge, and politician

1954

Donnie Moore, American baseball player (died 1989)

1953

Akio Sato, Japanese wrestler and manager

1952

Ed Gagliardi, American musician (died 2014)

1951

David Naughton, American actor and singer

1950

Vera Baird, English lawyer and politician

1950

Peter Gabriel, English singer-songwriter and musician

1949

Peter Kern, Austrian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (died 2015)

1947

Stephen Hadley, American soldier and diplomat, 21st United States National Security Advisor

1947

Mike Krzyzewski, American basketball player and coach

1947

Bogdan Tanjević, Montenegrin-Bosnian basketball coach

1947

Kevin Bloody Wilson, Australian comedian, singer-songwriter, and guitarist

1946

Richard Blumenthal, American sergeant and politician, 23rd Attorney General of Connecticut

1946

Janet Finch, English sociologist and academic

1946

Colin Matthews, English composer and educator

1945

Marian Dawkins, English biologist and academic

1945

King Floyd, American singer-songwriter (died 2006)

1945

Simon Schama, English historian and author

1945

William Sleator, American author and composer (died 2011)

1944

Stockard Channing, American actress

1944

Jerry Springer, English-American television host, actor, and politician, 56th Mayor of Cincinnati (died 2023)

1943

Elaine Pagels, American theologian and academic

1942

Carol Lynley, American model and actress (died 2019)

1942

Peter Tork, American singer-songwriter, bass player, and actor (died 2019)

1942

Donald E. Williams, American captain, pilot, and astronaut (died 2016)

1941

Sigmar Polke, German painter and photographer (died 2010)

1941

Bo Svenson, Swedish-American actor, director, and producer

1940

Bram Peper, Dutch sociologist and politician, Mayor of Rotterdam (died 2022)

1938

Oliver Reed, English actor (died 1999)

1937

Ali El-Maak, Sudanese author and academic (died 1992)

1937

Sigmund Jähn, German pilot and cosmonaut (died 2019)

1937

Angelo Mosca, American-Canadian football player and wrestler (died 2021)

1934

George Segal, American actor (died 2021)

1933

Paul Biya, Cameroon politician, 2nd President of Cameroon

1933

Kim Novak, American actress

1933

Emanuel Ungaro, French fashion designer (died 2019)

1932

Susan Oliver, American actress (died 1990)

1930

Ernst Fuchs, Austrian painter, sculptor, and illustrator (died 2015)

1930

Israel Kirzner, English-American economist, author, and academic

1929

Omar Torrijos, Panamanian commander and politician, Military Leader of Panama (died 1981)

1928

Gerald Regan, Canadian lawyer and politician, 19th Premier of Nova Scotia (died 2019)

1926

Fay Ajzenberg-Selove, American nuclear physicist (died 2012)

1924

Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, French journalist and politician (died 2006)

1923

Michael Anthony Bilandic, American soldier, judge, and politician, 49th Mayor of Chicago (died 2002)

1923

Chuck Yeager, American general and pilot; first test pilot to break the sound barrier (died 2020)

1922

Francis Pym, Baron Pym, Welsh soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs (died 2008)

1922

Gordon Tullock, American economist and academic (died 2014)

1921

Jeanne Demessieux, French pianist and composer (died 1968)

1921

Aung Khin, Burmese painter (died 1996)

1920

Boudleaux Bryant, American songwriter (died 1987)

1920

Eileen Farrell, American soprano and educator (died 2002)

1919

Tennessee Ernie Ford, American singer and actor (died 1991)

1919

Eddie Robinson, American football player and coach (died 2007)

1918

Patty Berg, golfer, Ladies Professional Golf Association tour founder

1916

Dorothy Bliss, American invertebrate zoologist (died 1987)

1915

Lyle Bettger, American actor (died 2003)

1915

Aung San, Burmese general and politician, 5th Premier of British Crown Colony of Burma (died 1947)

1913

Khalid of Saudi Arabia (died 1982)

1912

Harald Riipalu, Russian-Estonian commander (died 1961)

1912

Margaretta Scott, English actress (died 2005)

1911

Faiz Ahmad Faiz, Indian-Pakistani poet and journalist (died 1984)

1911

Jean Muir, American actress and educator (died 1996)

1910

William Shockley, English-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1989)

1907

Katy de la Cruz, Filipino-American singer and actress (died 2004)

1906

Agostinho da Silva, Portuguese philosopher and author (died 1994)

1903

Georgy Beriev, Georgian-Russian engineer, founded the Beriev Design Bureau (died 1979)

1903

Georges Simenon, Belgian-Swiss author (died 1989)

1902

Harold Lasswell, American political scientist and theorist (died 1978)

1901

Paul Lazarsfeld, Austrian-American sociologist and academic (died 1976)

1900

Barbara von Annenkoff, Russian-born German film and stage actress (died 1979)

1899

Rolf Stenersen, Norwegian businessman (died 1978)

1898

Hubert Ashton, English cricketer and politician (died 1979)

1892

Robert H. Jackson, American politician, 57th United States Attorney General, Nuremberg prosecutor, and Supreme Court justice (died 1954)

1891

Kate Roberts, Welsh author and activist (died 1985)

1891

Grant Wood, American painter and academic (died 1942)

1889

Leontine Sagan, Austrian actress and director (died 1974)

1888

Georgios Papandreou, Greek lawyer, economist, and politician, 162nd Prime Minister of Greece (died 1968)

1887

Géza Csáth, Hungarian playwright and critic (died 1919)

1885

Bess Truman, 35th First Lady of the United States (died 1982)

1884

Alfred Carlton Gilbert, American pole vaulter and businessman, founded the A. C. Gilbert Company (died 1961)

1883

Hal Chase, American baseball player and manager (died 1947)

1883

Yevgeny Vakhtangov, Russian-Armenian actor and director (died 1922)

1881

Eleanor Farjeon, English author, poet, and playwright (died 1965)

1880

Dimitrie Gusti, Romanian sociologist, ethnologist, historian, and philosopher (died 1955)

1879

Sarojini Naidu, Indian poet and activist (died 1949)

1876

Fritz Buelow, German-American baseball player and umpire (died 1933)

1873

Feodor Chaliapin, Russian opera singer (died 1938)

1871

Joseph Devlin, Northern Irish political leader (Nationalist Party (Northern Ireland)) (died 1934)

1870

Leopold Godowsky, Polish-American pianist and composer (died 1938)

1867

Harold Mahony, Scottish-Irish tennis player (died 1905)

1863

Hugo Becker, German cellist and composer (died 1941)

1855

Paul Deschanel, Belgian-French politician, 11th President of France (died 1922)

1849

Lord Randolph Churchill, English lawyer and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (died 1895)

1835

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Indian religious leader (died 1908)

1834

Heinrich Caro, Sephardic Jewish Polish-German chemist and academic (died 1910)

1831

John Aaron Rawlins, American general and politician, 29th United States Secretary of War (died 1869)

1819

Francis Smith, Haitian-Australian politician, 4th Premier of Tasmania (died 1909)

1815

Rufus Wilmot Griswold, American anthologist, editor, poet and critic (died 1857)

1811

François Achille Bazaine, French general (died 1888)

1805

Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, German mathematician and academic (died 1859)

1769

Ivan Krylov, Russian author, poet, and playwright (died 1844)

1768

Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, French general and politician, 15th Prime Minister of France (died 1835)

1766

Thomas Robert Malthus, English economist and scholar (died 1834)

1728

John Hunter, Scottish surgeon and anatomist (died 1793)

1721

John Reid, Scottish general (died 1807)

1719

George Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney, English admiral and politician (died 1792)

1683

Giovanni Battista Piazzetta, Italian painter (died 1754)

1672

Étienne François Geoffroy, French physician and chemist (died 1731)

1602

William V, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (died 1637)

1599

Pope Alexander VII (died 1667)

1569

Johann Reinhard I, Count of Hanau-Lichtenberg (died 1625)

1539

Elisabeth of Hesse, Electress Palatine (died 1582)

1523

Valentin Naboth, German astronomer and mathematician (died 1593)

1480

Girolamo Aleandro, Italian cardinal (died 1542)

1469

Elia Levita, Renaissance Hebrew grammarian (died 1549)

1457

Mary of Burgundy, Sovereign Duchess regnant of Burgundy, married to Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (died 1482)

1440

Hartmann Schedel, German physician (died 1514)

Deaths

2025

Jim Guy Tucker, American lawyer and politician, 43rd Governor of Arkansas (born 1943)

2021

Kadir Topbaş, Turkish politician (born 1945)

2019

Callistus Ndlovu, Zimbabwean academic and politician (born 1936)

2018

Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark, French-born Danish royal (born 1934)

2017

Ricardo Arias Calderón, Panamanian politician (born 1933)

2017

Aileen Hernandez, American union organizer and activist (born 1926)

2017

Seijun Suzuki, Japanese filmmaker (born 1923)

2017

Kim Jong-nam, North Korean politician (born 1971)

2017

E-Dubble, American rapper (born 1982)

2016

O. N. V. Kurup, Indian poet and academic (born 1931)

2016

Antonin Scalia, American lawyer and judge, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (born 1936)

2015

Faith Bandler, Australian activist and author (born 1918)

2015

Stan Chambers, American journalist and actor (born 1923)

2014

Balu Mahendra, Sri Lankan-Indian director, cinematographer, and screenwriter (born 1939)

2014

Richard Møller Nielsen, Danish footballer and manager (born 1937)

2014

Ralph Waite, American actor and activist (born 1928)

2014

Laura Motta, Brazilian catholic nun (born 1919)

2013

Gerry Day, American journalist and screenwriter (born 1922)

2013

Miles J. Jones, American pathologist and physician (born 1952)

2013

Pieter Kooijmans, Dutch judge and politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs for The Netherlands (born 1933)

2013

Andrée Malebranche, Haitian artist (born 1916)

2013

Yuko Tojo, Japanese activist and politician (born 1939)

2012

Russell Arms, American actor and singer (born 1920)

2012

Louise Cochrane, American-English screenwriter and producer (born 1918)

2012

Daniel C. Gerould, American playwright and academic (born 1928)

2010

Lucille Clifton, American poet and academic (born 1936)

2010

Dale Hawkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1936)

2009

Edward Upward, English author and educator (born 1903)

2008

Kon Ichikawa, Japanese director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1915)

2007

Elizabeth Jolley, English-Australian author and academic (born 1923)

2007

Charlie Norwood, American captain and politician (born 1941)

2007

Richard Gordon Wakeford, English air marshal (born 1922)

2006

P. F. Strawson, English philosopher and author (born 1919)

2005

Nelson Briles, American baseball player and sportscaster (born 1943)

2005

Lúcia Santos, Portuguese nun (born 1907)

2004

François Tavenas, Canadian engineer and academic (born 1942)

2004

Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, Chechen politician, 2nd President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (born 1952)

2003

Kid Gavilán, Cuban-American boxer (born 1926)

2003

Walt Whitman Rostow, American economist; 7th United States National Security Advisor (born 1916)

2002

Waylon Jennings, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1937)

2000

Anders Aalborg, Canadian educator and politician (born 1914)

2000

James Cooke Brown, American sociologist and author (born 1921)

2000

John Leake, English soldier (born 1949)

1997

Robert Klark Graham, American eugenicist and businessman (born 1906)

1997

Mark Krasnosel'skii, Russian-Ukrainian mathematician and academic (born 1920)

1996

Martin Balsam, American actor (born 1919)

1992

Nikolay Bogolyubov, Ukrainian-Russian mathematician and physicist (born 1909)

1991

Arno Breker, German sculptor and illustrator (born 1900)

1989

Wayne Hays, American lieutenant and politician (born 1911)

1986

Yuri Ivask, Russian-American poet and critic (born 1907)

1984

Cheong Eak Chong, Singaporean entrepreneur (born 1888)

1980

David Janssen, American actor (born 1931)

1976

Murtala Mohammed, Nigerian general and politician, 4th President of Nigeria (born 1938)

1976

Lily Pons, French-American soprano and actress (born 1904)

1975

André Beaufre, French general (born 1902)

1973

Marinus Jan Granpré Molière, Dutch architect and educator (born 1883)

1968

Mae Marsh, American actress (born 1895)

1968

Portia White, Canadian opera singer (born 1911)

1967

Yoshisuke Aikawa, entrepreneur, businessman, and politician, founded Nissan Motor Company (born 1880)

1967

Abelardo L. Rodríguez, substitute president of Mexico (1932–1934) (born 1889)

1964

Paulino Alcántara, Filipino-Spanish footballer and manager (born 1896)

1964

Werner Heyde, German psychiatrist and academic (born 1902)

1958

Christabel Pankhurst, English activist, co-founded the Women's Social and Political Union (born 1880)

1958

Georges Rouault, French painter and illustrator (born 1871)

1956

Jan Łukasiewicz, Polish mathematician and philosopher (born 1878)

1954

Agnes Macphail, Canadian educator and politician (born 1890)

1952

Josephine Tey, Scottish author and playwright (born 1896)

1951

Lloyd C. Douglas, American minister and author (born 1877)

1950

Rafael Sabatini, Italian-English novelist and short story writer (born 1875)

1942

Otakar Batlička, Czech journalist (born 1895)

1942

Epitácio Pessoa, Brazilian lawyer, judge, and politician, 11th President of Brazil (born 1865)

1934

József Pusztai, Slovene-Hungarian poet and journalist (born 1864)

1906

Albert Gottschalk, Danish painter (born 1866)

1905

Konstantin Savitsky, Russian painter (born 1844)

1893

Ignacio Manuel Altamirano, Mexican intellectual and journalist (born 1834)

1892

Provo Wallis, Canadian-English admiral (born 1791)

1888

Jean-Baptiste Lamy, French-American archbishop (born 1814)

1883

Richard Wagner, German composer (born 1813)

1877

Costache Caragiale, Romanian actor and manager (born 1815)

1859

Eliza Acton, English food writer and poet (born 1799)

1845

Henrik Steffens, Norwegian-German philosopher and poet (born 1773)

1837

Mariano José de Larra, Spanish journalist and author (born 1809)

1831

Edward Berry, English admiral (born 1768)

1826

Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen, Russian general and politician, Governor-General of Baltic provinces (born 1745)

1818

George Rogers Clark, American general (born 1752)

1813

Samuel Ashe, American lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of North Carolina (born 1725)

1795

George (Konissky), Orthodox archbishop, preacher, philosopher and theologian (born 1717)

1787

Roger Joseph Boscovich, Croatian physicist, astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher (born 1711)

1787

Charles Gravier, comte de Vergennes, French lawyer and politician, Foreign Minister of France (born 1717)

1741

Johann Joseph Fux, Austrian composer and theorist (born 1660)

1732

Charles-René d'Hozier, French historian and author (born 1640)

1728

Cotton Mather, American minister and author (born 1663)

1727

William Wotton, English linguist and scholar (born 1666)

1693

Johann Caspar Kerll, German organist and composer (born 1627)

1662

Elizabeth Stuart, queen of Bohemia (born 1596)

1660

Charles X Gustav, king of Sweden (born 1622)

1602

Alexander Nowell, English clergyman and theologian (born 1507)

1585

Alfonso Salmeron, Spanish priest and scholar (born 1515)

1571

Benvenuto Cellini, Italian painter and sculptor (born 1500)

1542

Catherine Howard, Queen Consort of England and English wife of King Henry VIII (executed; b. 1521)

1539

Isabella d'Este, Italian noblewoman (born 1474)

1351

Kō no Morofuyu, Japanese general

1332

Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (born 1259)

1219

Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shōgun (born 1192)

1199

Stefan Nemanja, Serbian grand prince (born 1113)

1141

Béla II, king of Hungary and Croatia (born 1110)

1130

Honorius II, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1060)

1021

Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, Fatimid caliph (born 985)

988

Adalbert Atto, Lombard nobleman

942

Muhammad ibn Ra'iq, Abbasid emir and regent

936

Xiao Wen, empress of the Liao dynasty

921

Vratislaus I, duke of Bohemia

858

Kenneth MacAlpin, Scottish king (probable; b. 810)

721

Chilperic II, Frankish king (born 672)

106

Emperor He of Han (Han Hedi) of the Chinese Eastern Han dynasty (born AD 79)

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