April 9 in History

Burmese military and security forces commit the Bago massacre, during which at least 82 civilians are killed.

Soyuz MS-18 is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, carrying three members of the Expedition 64 crew to the International Space Station.

Soyuz MS-16 is launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome, carrying the Expedition 62/63 crew to the International Space Station.

The Palm Sunday church bombings at Coptic churches in Tanta and Alexandria, Egypt, take place.

A student stabs 20 people at Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville, Pennsylvania.

A 6.1–magnitude earthquake strikes Iran killing 32 people and injuring over 850 people.

At least 13 people are killed and another three injured after a man goes on a spree shooting in the Serbian village of Velika Ivanča.

Six people and the perpetrator are killed and 17 injured in a mass shooting at a shopping mall in Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands.

In Tbilisi, Georgia, up to 60,000 people protest against the government of Mikheil Saakashvili.

Iraq War: Baghdad falls to American forces.

Space Shuttle program: Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on STS-59.

A U.S. Federal Court finds former Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega guilty of drug and racketeering charges. He is sentenced to 30 years in prison.

Georgia declares independence from the Soviet Union.

An IRA bombing in County Down, Northern Ireland, kills three members of the UDR.

The Sahtu Dene and Metis Comprehensive Land Claim Agreement is signed for 180,000 square kilometres (69,000 mi2) in the Mackenzie Valley of the western Arctic.

An Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia collides in mid-air with a Cessna 172 over Gadsden, Alabama, killing both of the Cessna's occupants.

Tbilisi massacre: An anti-Soviet peaceful demonstration and hunger strike in Tbilisi, demanding restoration of Georgian independence, is dispersed by the Soviet Army, resulting in 20 deaths and hundreds of injuries.

The U.S. Navy nuclear submarine USS George Washington accidentally collides with the Nissho Maru, a Japanese cargo ship, sinking it and killing two Japanese sailors.

The Iraqi regime of Saddam Hussein kills philosopher Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr and his sister Bint al-Huda after three days of torture.

The first British-built Concorde 002 makes its maiden flight from Filton to RAF Fairford with Brian Trubshaw as the test pilot.

The first Boeing 737 (a 100 series) makes its maiden flight.

Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa and architect of apartheid, narrowly survives an assassination attempt by a white farmer, David Pratt in Johannesburg.

Project Mercury: NASA announces the selection of the United States' first seven astronauts, whom the news media quickly dub the "Mercury Seven".

The Suez Canal in Egypt is cleared and opens to shipping following the Suez Crisis.

Hugo Ballivián's government is overthrown by the Bolivian National Revolution, starting a period of agrarian reform, universal suffrage and the nationalization of tin mines

Japan Air Lines Flight 301 crashes into Mount Mihara, Izu Ōshima, Japan, killing 37.

Jorge Eliécer Gaitán's assassination provokes a violent riot in Bogotá (the Bogotazo), and a further ten years of violence in Colombia.

Fighters from the Irgun and Lehi Zionist terror groups attacked Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, killing over 100 Palestinians.

The Glazier–Higgins–Woodward tornadoes kill 181 and injure 970 in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas.

The Journey of Reconciliation, the first interracial Freedom Ride begins through the upper South in violation of Jim Crow laws. The riders wanted enforcement of the United States Supreme Court's 1946 Irene Morgan decision that banned racial segregation in interstate travel.

United Nations Security Council Resolution 22 relating to Corfu Channel incident is adopted.

About 500 postal workers in Tel Aviv and Jaffa went on strike.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Lutheran pastor and anti-Nazi dissident, is executed by the Nazi regime.

World War II: The German heavy cruiser Admiral Scheer is sunk by the Royal Air Force.

World War II: The Battle of Königsberg, in East Prussia, ends.

The United States Atomic Energy Commission is formed.

World War II: The Battle of Bataan ends and the Bataan Death March begins.

World War II: An Indian Ocean raid by Japan's 1st Air Fleet sinks the British aircraft carrier HMS Hermes and the Australian destroyer HMAS Vampire.

World War II: Operation Weserübung: Germany invades Denmark and Norway.

Vidkun Quisling seizes power in Norway.

African-American singer Marian Anderson gives a concert at the Lincoln Memorial after being denied the use of Constitution Hall by the Daughters of the American Revolution.

The Kamikaze arrives at Croydon Airport in London. It is the first Japanese-built aircraft to fly to Europe.

World War I: The Battle of the Lys: The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps is crushed by the German forces during what is called the Spring Offensive on the Belgian region of Flanders.

World War I: The Battle of Arras: The battle begins with Canadian Corps executing a massive assault on Vimy Ridge.

The U.S. Congress passes the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act.

American Civil War: Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Virginia (26,765 troops) to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia, effectively ending the war.

On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the first known recording of an audible human voice.

The Treaty of Paris, ratified by the United States Congress on January 14, 1784, is ratified by King George III of the Kingdom of Great Britain, ending the American Revolutionary War. Copies of the ratified documents are exchanged on May 12, 1784.

Robert Cavelier de La Salle discovers the mouth of the Mississippi River, claims it for France and names it Louisiana.

Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.

Philip III of Spain issues the decree of the "Expulsion of the Moriscos".

Resettled Shiite Muslims rise up in the Şahkulu rebellion under the leadership of Şahkulu against the Ottoman Empire.

The Treaty of Lodi is signed, establishing a balance of power among northern Italian city-states for almost 50 years.

The Council of Ferrara begins with its first session in presence of the Patriarch of Constantinople, representatives of the Patriarchal Sees of Antioch, Alexandria and Jerusalem and Pope Eugene IV presiding.

Despite being outnumbered 16:1, forces of the Old Swiss Confederacy are victorious over the Archduchy of Austria in the Battle of Näfels.

The Byzantine city of Thessalonike surrenders to the Ottomans, though rule reverts back to the Byzantines after the battle of Ankara.

Mongol invasions of Vietnam: Yuan forces are defeated by Trần forces in the Battle of Bach Dang in present-day northern Vietnam.

Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeat the Polish and German armies.

Siege of Rome: The Byzantine general Belisarius receives his promised reinforcements, 1,600 cavalry, mostly of Hunnic or Slavic origin and expert bowmen. Despite shortages, he starts raids against the Gothic camps and Vitiges but is forced into a stalemate.

Byzantine Emperor Basiliscus issues a circular letter (Enkyklikon) to the bishops of his empire, supporting the Monophysite christological position.

The distinguished soldier Septimius Severus is proclaimed emperor by the army in Illyricum.

TommyInnit, English YouTuber and streamer

Hwang Do-yun, South Korean footballer

Nika Mühl, Croatian basketball player

Tiago Djaló, Portuguese footballer

Jackie Evancho, American singer

Stanley Nsoki, French footballer

Lil Nas X, American rapper

Rúben Vinagre, Portuguese footballer

Elle Fanning, American actress

Luis Arráez, Venezuelan baseball player

Jayden Brailey, Australian rugby league player

Giovani Lo Celso, Argentine footballer

Domagoj Bošnjak, Croatian basketball player

Robert Bauer, German-Kazakhstani footballer

Demi Vermeulen, Dutch Paralympic equestrian

Bladee, Swedish rapper and singer

Joey Pollari, American actor

Alexandra Hunt, American politician

Raheem Mostert, American football player

Gai Assulin, Israeli footballer

Ryan Kelly, American basketball player

Mary Killman, American synchronized swimmer

Kristen Stewart, American actress

Ryan Williams, American football player

Bianca Belair, American wrestler

Danielle Kahle, American figure skater

Jeremy Metcalfe, English race car driver

Kassim Abdallah, French-Comorian footballer

Graham Gano, American football player

Craig Mabbitt, American singer

Jesse McCartney, American singer-songwriter and actor

Jarrod Mullen, Australian rugby league player

Jazmine Sullivan, American singer-songwriter

Mike Hart, American football player

Leighton Meester, American actress

Antonio Nocerino, Italian footballer

David Robertson, American baseball player

Habiba Ghribi, Tunisian runner

Adam Loewen, Canadian baseball player

Óscar Razo, Mexican footballer

Ryan Clark, Australian actor

Jay Baruchel, Canadian actor

Carlos Hernández, Costa Rican footballer

Kathleen Munroe, Canadian-American actress

Milan Bartovič, Slovak ice hockey player

A. J. Ellis, American baseball player

Ireneusz Jeleń, Polish footballer

Dennis Sarfate, American baseball player

Eric Harris, American mass murderer, responsible for the Columbine High School massacre (died 1999)

Sarah Ayton, English sailor

Luciano Galletti, Argentinian footballer

Albert Hammond Jr., American singer-songwriter and guitarist

Jeff Reed, American football player

Keshia Knight Pulliam, American actress

Kousei Amano, Japanese actor

Jorge Andrade, Portuguese footballer

Rachel Stevens, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress

Gerard Way, American singer-songwriter and comic book writer

Kyle Peterson, American baseball player and sportscaster

Robbie Fowler, English footballer and manager

David Gordon Green, American director and screenwriter

Megan Connolly, Australian actress (died 2001)

Jenna Jameson, American actress and pornographic performer

Alexander Pichushkin, Russian serial killer

Bernard Ackah, German-Japanese martial artist and kick-boxer

Siiri Vallner, Estonian architect

Peter Canavan, Irish footballer and manager

Leo Fortune-West, English footballer and manager

Austin Peck, American actor

Jacques Villeneuve, Canadian race car driver

Chorão, Brazilian singer-songwriter (died 2013)

Barnaby Kay, English actor

Linda Kisabaka, German runner

Jay Chandrasekhar, American actor, comedian, writer and director

Natascha Engel, German-English translator and politician

Sam Harris, American author, philosopher, and neuroscientist

John Hammond, English weather forecaster

Cynthia Nixon, American actress

Helen Alfredsson, Swedish golfer

Paulina Porizkova, Czech-born Swedish-American model and actress

Jeff Zucker, American businessman

Mark Pellegrino, American actor

Rob Awalt, German-American football player

Juliet Cuthbert, Jamaican sprinter

Doug Ducey, American politician and businessman, 23rd Governor of Arizona

Peter Penashue, Canadian businessman and politician, 9th Canadian Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs

Margaret Peterson Haddix, American author

Rick Tocchet, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach

Marc Jacobs, American-French fashion designer

Joe Scarborough, American journalist, lawyer, and politician

John Eaves, American production designer and illustrator

Ihor Podolchak, Ukrainian director, producer, and screenwriter

Imran Sherwani, English field hockey player (died 2025)

Jeff Turner, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster

Mark Kelly, Irish keyboard player

Kirk McCaskill, Canadian-American baseball and hockey player

Jaak Aab, Estonian educator and politician, Minister of Social Affairs of Estonia

Bernard Jenkin, English businessman and politician, Shadow Secretary of State for Defence

Nadey Hakim, British-Lebanese surgeon and sculptor

Tony Sibson, English boxer

Seve Ballesteros, Spanish golfer and architect (died 2011)

Martin Margiela, Belgian fashion designer

Jamie Redfern, English-born Australian television presenter and pop singer

Miguel Ángel Russo, Argentine footballer and coach (died 2025)

Nigel Shadbolt, English computer scientist and academic

Marina Zoueva, Russian ice dancer and coach

Nigel Slater, English food writer and author

Yamina Benguigui, Algerian-French director and politician

Joolz Denby, English poet and author

Ken Kalfus, American journalist and author

Dennis Quaid, American actor

Iain Duncan Smith, British soldier and politician, Secretary of State for Work and Pensions

John Howard, English singer-songwriter and pianist

Hal Ketchum, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2020)

Stephen Paddock, American mass murderer responsible for the 2017 Las Vegas shooting (died 2017)

Robert Clark, American author

Bruce Robertson, New Zealand rugby player (died 2023)

Tania Tsanaklidou, Greek singer and actress

Tony Cragg, English sculptor

Jaya Bachchan, Indian actress and politician

Tito Gómez, Puerto Rican salsa singer (died 2007)

Michel Parizeau, Canadian ice hockey player and coach

Patty Pravo, Italian singer

Giovanni Andrea Cornia, Italian economist and academic (died 2024)

Nate Colbert, American baseball player (died 2023)

Alan Knott, English cricketer

Sara Parkin, Scottish activist and politician

David Webb, English footballer, coach, and manager

Steve Gadd, American drummer and percussionist

Joe Brinkman, American baseball player and umpire

Heinz-Joachim Rothenburg, German shot putter

Leila Khaled, Palestinian activist

Terry Knight, American singer-songwriter and producer (died 2004)

Clive Sullivan, Welsh rugby league player (died 1985)

Brandon deWilde, American actor (died 1972)

Kay Adams, American singer-songwriter

Hannah Gordon, Scottish actress

Hans-Joachim Reske, German sprinter

Jim Roberts, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (died 2015)

Michael Learned, American actress

Margo Smith, American singer-songwriter (died 2024)

Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian businessman and politician, 30th Prime Minister of Russia (died 2010)

Simon Brown, Baron Brown of Eaton-under-Heywood, English lieutenant, lawyer, and judge (died 2023)

Marty Krofft, Canadian screenwriter and producer (died 2023)

Valerie Singleton, English television and radio host

Jerzy Maksymiuk, Polish pianist, composer, and conductor

Drew Shafer, American LGBT rights activist from Missouri (died 1989)

Valerie Solanas, American radical feminist author, attempted murderer (died 1988)

Aulis Sallinen, Finnish composer and academic

Avery Schreiber, American actor and comedian (died 2002)

Bill Birch, New Zealand surveyor and politician, 38th New Zealand Minister of Finance

Tom Phillis, Australian motorcycle racer (died 1962)

Mariya Pisareva, Russian high jumper (died 2023)

Jean-Paul Belmondo, French actor and producer (died 2021)

René Burri, Swiss photographer and journalist (died 2014)

Fern Michaels, American author (died 2025)

Richard Rose, American political scientist and academic

Gian Maria Volonté, Italian actor (died 1994)

Armin Jordan, Swiss conductor (died 2006)

Peter Moores, English businessman and philanthropist (died 2016)

Carl Perkins, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1998)

Richard Hatfield, Canadian lawyer and politician, 26th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1991)

Nathaniel Branden, Canadian-American psychotherapist and author (died 2014)

F. Albert Cotton, American chemist and academic (died 2007)

Jim Fowler, American zoologist and television host (died 2019)

Wallace McCain, Canadian businessman, founded McCain Foods (died 2011)

Sharan Rani Backliwal, Indian sarod player and scholar (died 2008)

Fred Hollows, New Zealand-Australian ophthalmologist (died 1993)

Paule Marshall, American author and academic (died 2019)

Paul Arizin, American basketball player (died 2006)

Tom Lehrer, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and mathematician (died 2025)

Tiny Hill, New Zealand rugby player (died 2019)

Gerry Fitt, Northern Irish soldier and politician; British life peer (died 2005)

Hugh Hefner, American publisher, founded Playboy Enterprises (died 2017)

Harris Wofford, American politician, author, and civil rights activist (died 2019)

Virginia Gibson, American actress, singer, and dancer (died 2013)

Art Kane, American photographer (died 1995)

Arthur Shaw, English professional footballer (died 2015)

Leonard Levy, American historian and author (died 2006)

Carl Amery, German author and activist (died 2005)

Jean-Marie Balestre, French businessman (died 2008)

Yitzhak Navon, Israeli politician (died 2015)

Frankie Thomas, American actor (died 2006)

Mary Jackson, African-American mathematician and aerospace engineer (died 2005)

J. Presper Eckert, American engineer, invented the ENIAC (died 1995)

Jørn Utzon, Danish architect, designed the Sydney Opera House (died 2008)

Johannes Bobrowski, German songwriter and poet (died 1965)

Ronnie Burgess, Welsh international footballer and manager (died 2005)

Brad Dexter, American actor (died 2002)

Henry Hewes, American theater writer (died 2006)

Julian Dash, American swing music jazz tenor saxophonist (died 1974)

Heinz Meyer, German Fallschirmjäger (paratrooper) during World War II (died 1987)

Bill Leonard, American journalist (died 1994)

Daniel Johnson Sr., Canadian lawyer and politician, 20th Premier of Quebec (died 1968)

Lev Kopelev, Ukrainian-German author and academic (died 1997)

Abraham A. Ribicoff, American lawyer and politician, 4th United States Secretary of Health and Human Services (died 1998)

Robert Helpmann, Australian dancer, actor, and choreographer (died 1986)

Joseph Krumgold, American author and screenwriter (died 1980)

Paula Nenette Pepin, French composer, pianist and lyricist (died 1990)

Rafaela Aparicio, Spanish actress (died 1996)

Antal Doráti, Hungarian-American conductor and composer (died 1988)

Hugh Gaitskell, British politician and leader of the Labour Party (died 1963)

Victor Vasarely, Hungarian-French painter (died 1997)

J. William Fulbright, American lawyer and politician (died 1995)

Sharkey Bonano, American singer, trumpet player, and bandleader (died 1972)

Ward Bond, American actor (died 1960)

Théodore Monod, French explorer and scholar (died 2000)

Jean Bruchési, Canadian historian and author (died 1979)

Paul Willis, American actor and director (died 1960)

Allen Jenkins, American actor and singer (died 1974)

Curly Lambeau, American football player and coach (died 1965)

Paul Robeson, American singer, actor, and activist (died 1976)

John B. Gambling, American radio host (died 1974)

Mance Lipscomb, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1976)

Michel Simon, Swiss-French actor (died 1975)

Charles E. Burchfield, American painter (died 1967)

Victor Gollancz, English publisher, founded Victor Gollancz Ltd (died 1967)

Rahul Sankrityayan, Indian linguist, author, and scholar (died 1963)

Sol Hurok, Ukrainian-American talent manager (died 1974)

Konrad Tom, Polish actor, writer, singer, and director (died 1957)

Frank King, American cartoonist (died 1969)

Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (died 1946)

Otz Tollen, German actor (died 1965)

Jan Letzel, Czech architect (died 1925)

Jacques Futrelle, American journalist and author (died 1912)

Léon Blum, French lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of France (died 1950)

Chris Watson, Chilean-Australian journalist and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of Australia (died 1941)

Charles Winckler, Danish tug of war competitor, discus thrower, and shot putter (died 1932)

Erich Ludendorff, German general and politician (died 1937)

Charles Proteus Steinmetz, Polish-American mathematician and engineer (died 1923)

Ezequiél Moreno y Díaz, Spanish Augustinian Recollect priest and saint (died 1906)

Paolo Tosti, Italian-English composer and educator (died 1916)

Leopold II of Belgium (died 1909)

Somerset Lowry-Corry, 4th Earl Belmore (died 1913)

Eadweard Muybridge, English photographer and cinematographer (died 1904)

Charles Baudelaire, French poet and critic (died 1867)

James Bannerman, Scottish theologian and academic (died 1868)

Isambard Kingdom Brunel, English engineer, designed the Clifton Suspension Bridge (died 1859)

Elias Lönnrot, Finnish physician and philologist (died 1884)

Theobald Boehm, German flute player and composer (died 1881)

Søren Christian Sommerfelt, Norwegian priest and botanist (died 1838)

Étienne Aignan, French author and academic (died 1824)

Thomas Johann Seebeck, German physicist and academic (died 1831)

Georg Matthias Monn, Austrian organist, composer, and educator (died 1750)

Johann Matthias Gesner, German scholar and academic (died 1761)

James Craggs the Younger, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (died 1721)

Philippe Néricault Destouches, French playwright (died 1754)

Samuel Fritz, Czech Jesuit missionary to South America (died 1725?)

James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Staffordshire (died 1685)

Henri de Massue, Earl of Galway, French soldier and diplomat (died 1720)

Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau (died 1696)

Johann Caspar Kerll, German organist and composer (died 1693)

Henrik Rysensteen, Dutch military engineer (died 1679)

Johann Crüger, Sorbian-German composer and theorist (died 1662)

John Davenport, English minister, co-founded the New Haven Colony (died 1670)

Julius Henry, Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg (died 1665)

Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (died 1550)

Camilla Battista da Varano, Italian saint (died 1524)

Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Emperor Renzong of Yuan (died 1320)

Al-Muqtafi, caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate (died 1160)

Ray Shero, American ice hockey player and executive (born 1962)

Karl Berger, German-American jazz pianist (born 1935)

Dwayne Haskins, American football player (born 1997)

Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, Prince of the United Kingdom, Prince of Greece and Denmark, Consort of Queen Elizabeth II (born 1921)

DMX, American rapper and actor (born 1970)

Nikki Grahame, British reality-TV icon (born 1982)

Ian Gibson, British scientist and Labour Party politician (born 1938)

Ramsey Clark, American lawyer (born 1927)

Charles Van Doren, American writer and editor (born 1926)

John Clarke, New Zealand-Australian comedian, writer, and satirist (born 1948)

Duane Clarridge, American spy (born 1932)

Will Smith, American football player (born 1981)

Paul Almond, Canadian-American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1931)

Margaret Rule, British marine archaeologist (born 1928)

Nina Companeez, French director and screenwriter (born 1937)

Alexander Dalgarno, English physicist and academic (born 1928)

Ivan Doig, American journalist and author (born 1939)

Tsien Tsuen-hsuin, Chinese-American academic (born 1909)

Gil Askey, American trumpet player, composer, and producer (born 1925)

Chris Banks, American football player (born 1973)

Rory Ellinger, American lawyer and politician (born 1941)

Norman Girvan, Jamaican economist, academic, and politician (born 1941)

Aelay Narendra, Indian politician (born 1946)

A. N. R. Robinson, Trinbagonian politician, 3rd President of Trinidad and Tobago (born 1926)

Svetlana Velmar-Janković, Serbian author (born 1933)

David Hayes, American sculptor and painter (born 1931)

Greg McCrary, American football player (born 1952)

Mordechai Mishani, Israeli lawyer and politician (born 1945)

McCandlish Phillips, American journalist and author (born 1927)

Paolo Soleri, Italian-American architect, designed the Cosanti (born 1919)

Malcolm Thomas, Welsh rugby player and cricketer (born 1929)

Boris Parygin, Soviet philosopher, psychologist, and author (born 1930)

Zakariya Rashid Hassan al-Ashiri, Bahraini journalist (born 1971)

Sidney Lumet, American director, producer, and screenwriter (born 1924)

Zoltán Varga, Hungarian footballer and manager (born 1945)

Nick Adenhart, American baseball player (born 1986)

Egon Bondy, Czech philosopher and poet (born 1930)

Dorrit Hoffleit, American astronomer and academic (born 1907)

Billy Hitchcock, American baseball player, coach, manager (born 1916)

Vilgot Sjöman, Swedish director and screenwriter (born 1924)

Jerry Bittle, American cartoonist (born 1949)

Pat Flaherty, American race car driver (born 1926)

Leopold Vietoris, Austrian soldier, mathematician, and academic (born 1891)

Willie Stargell, American baseball player and coach (born 1940)

Tony Cliff, Trotskyist activist and founder of the Socialist Workers Party (born 1917)

Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, Nigerien general and politician, President of Niger (born 1949)

Tom Cora, American cellist and composer (born 1953)

Mae Boren Axton, American singer-songwriter (born 1914)

Helene Hanff, American author and screenwriter (born 1916)

Richard Condon, American author and publicist (born 1915)

Joseph B. Soloveitchik, American rabbi and philosopher (born 1903)

Forrest Towns, American hurdler and coach (born 1914)

Brook Benton, American singer-songwriter and actor (born 1931)

Hans Berndt, German footballer (born 1913)

Dave Prater, American singer (born 1937)

Wilfrid Pelletier, Canadian pianist, composer, and conductor (born 1896)

Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, Iraqi cleric and philosopher (born 1935)

Clough Williams-Ellis, English-Welsh architect, designed Portmeirion (born 1883)

Dagmar Nordstrom, American singer-songwriter and pianist (born 1903)

Phil Ochs, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (born 1940)

Renato Petronio, Italian rower (born 1891)

Gustaf Tenggren, Swedish-American illustrator and animator (born 1896)

Eddie Edwards, American trombonist (born 1891)

Xul Solar, Argentinian painter and sculptor (born 1887)

Zog I of Albania (born 1895)

Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect, designed the Price Tower and Fallingwater (born 1867)

Eddie Cochems, American football player and coach (born 1877)

C. E. M. Joad, English philosopher and television host (born 1891)

Hans Reichenbach, German philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1891)

Vilhelm Bjerknes, Norwegian physicist and meteorologist (born 1862)

George Carpenter, Australian 5th General of The Salvation Army (born 1872)

Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, Colombian lawyer and politician, 16th Colombian Minister of National Education (born 1903)

Dietrich Bonhoeffer, German pastor and theologian (born 1906)

Wilhelm Canaris, German admiral (born 1887)

Johann Georg Elser, German carpenter (born 1903)

Hans Oster, German general (born 1887)

Karl Sack, German lawyer and jurist (born 1896)

Hans von Dohnányi, Austrian-German lawyer and jurist (born 1902)

Yevgeniya Rudneva, Ukrainian lieutenant and pilot (born 1920)

Mrs Patrick Campbell, English actress (born 1865)

Ferdinand Tönnies, German sociologist and philosopher (born 1855)

Zip the Pinhead, American freak show performer (born 1857)

Hans Fruhstorfer, German entomologist and explorer (born 1866)

James Hope Moulton, English philologist and scholar (born 1863)

Raymond Whittindale, English rugby player (born 1883)

Helena Modjeska, Polish-American actress (born 1840)

Isabella II, Spanish queen (born 1830)

Michel Eugène Chevreul, French chemist and academic (born 1786)

Dante Gabriel Rossetti, English poet and painter (born 1828)

Charles Goodyear, American lawyer, judge, and politician (born 1804)

Erastus Corning, American businessman and politician (born 1794)

William V, stadtholder of the Dutch Republic (born 1748)

Jacques Necker, Swiss-French politician, Chief Minister to the French Monarch (born 1732)

Sarah Fielding, English author (born 1710)

William Law, English priest and theologian (born 1686)

Christian Wolff, German philosopher and academic (born 1679)

Simon Fraser, 11th Lord Lovat, Scottish soldier and politician (born 1667)

Roger de Rabutin, Comte de Bussy, French author (born 1618)

Matei Basarab, Romanian prince (born 1588)

Francis Bacon, English jurist and politician, Attorney General for England and Wales (born 1561)

Jean Quintin, French priest, knight and writer (born 1500)

Mikael Agricola, Finnish priest and scholar (born 1510)

François Rabelais, French monk and scholar (born 1494)

Alqas Mirza, Safavid prince (born 1516)

Edward of Middleheim, prince of Wales (born 1473)

Edward IV, king of England (born 1442)

Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland, Scottish nobleman (ca. 1296)

Margaret of Scotland, queen of Norway (born 1261)

Henry II, High Duke of Poland (born 1196)

William X, duke of Aquitaine (born 1099)

Benedict VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (born 980)

Constantine, pope of the Catholic Church (born 664)

Maslama ibn Mukhallad al-Ansari, Egyptian politician, Governor of Egypt (born 616)

Zeno, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (born 425)

Tan Daoji, Chinese general and politician

Jimmu, emperor of Japan (born 711 BC)